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Objectives
At the end of the session the students should be able to:
1. Define energy.
2. Describe the renewable and non-renewable energy resources.
3. List down the energy resources of the Philippines.
What is Energy?
Energy is the ability or the capacity to do work.
It is the source of power for mechanisms and organisms without it nothing will work.
Types of Energy Resources
1. Renewable Energy
2. Non-renewable Energy
Non-renewable Energy
n Non-renewable means that the supply can not be replenished.
n Once it runs out, it is gone forever.
n Fossil Fuels are the most common form of non-renewable energy.
Examples of Fossil Fuels
n Coal- Ancient swamps that were buried by sediments. Primarily containing peat moss and other vegetation.
n Petroleum (Oil)- Primarily algae and plankton that sink to the bottom of the sea and are buried by sediments.
n Natural Gas- Primarily algae that sink to the bottom of the sea are buried by sediments.
n They are called fossil fuels because they are the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago.
Uses of Fossil Fuels
• Coal- Used to generate electricity.
Used in the steel industry to melt iron
• Oil- Used to produce gasoline and diesel.
Used as lubricants, like motor oil.
Used to make plastics and asphalt
• Natural Gas- Use to generate electricity
Used to heat homes
Used as an alternative fuel for vehicles
Coal
n The most abundant fossil fuel in the world.
n It is estimated that there is about 200-300 years left of coal on Earth.
n Because it is the most abundant fuel, it is the cheapest. Thus, it is used to generate electricity and in producing steel.
n It is also the most polluting form of energy today, producing all kinds of toxic chemicals.
n Coal smoke is one of the largest contributors to air pollution and smog.
n Prior to more modern smoke cleaning technology, coal soot layers coated city buildings and trees.
Coal Power Plant
n Coal is burned
n It heats up water to turn it to steam
n The rising steam turns turbines which generate electricity
Smog
n Smog is produced by chemicals released by coal powerplants and automobiles.
Petroleum (Oil)
n Oil is a thick, black liquid formed from the buried remains of microscopic marine organisms.
n It is generally trapped under layers of rock and has to be pumped out.
n But, there are a few spots where it can find its way to the surface.
Oil Wells
n First you drill down to find a deposit
n Then you use a oil rig to pump it up
Uses of Oil
n Oil is converted into many products we use everyday, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, plastics, among others.
n Oil represents more than 90% of the transportation energy used today.
n 61% of oil is used for transportation
Oil Refining
n Oil can be heated and separated into its different components
Diesel Fuel
n It is used for hauling goods.
n Trucks, Ships, and Railways use Diesel
Natural Gas
n It is primarily methane
n It is used to produce 20% of our electricity
n It is cleaner burning than coal
n It is used to heat homes.
Problems with Fossil Fuels
n All Fossil Fuels release Carbon Dioxide gas when burned which causes global warming.
n Burning coal and oil produces toxic pollutants that result in smog, air pollution, lung diseases, and acid rain.
n Our Fossil Fuels will run out soon, thus we need alternatives!
Renewable Resources
These are sources of energy that naturally regenerate themselves.
n Wind
n Solar
n Hydroelectricity
n Biofuels
n Geothermal
n Tidal/Wave Energy
Energy from Wind
n Wind energy comes from wind turning turbines to generate electricity.
n It can only be used in regions that have a lot of wind.
n It is the fastest growing source of alternative energy today.
n Currently, about 2% of electricity in U.S. is from wind. But, it is over 20% in Denmark!
Advantages: Wind energy is nonpolluting
Disadvantages:
n Not all places are windy enough
n Sometimes the wind slows or stops
n It can kill birds in migratory paths
Solar Energy
There are two ways to generate electricity from the sun.
n Photovoltaic cells
n Solar thermal energy
Solar cells
• Must face south to get the maximal sun, if on a roof.
• Some systems have the ability to rotate to follow the sun through the day
Solar Thermal Systems
n Sunlight is focused on a fluid that boils to spin a turbine to generate electricity
Passive Solar Heating
n Sunlight can be used to save energy without even generating electricity
Advantages:
n Solar energy can save money by heating or lighting buildings passively.
n Solar energy can heat water, saving energy needed for water heaters.
n Solar energy can generate electricity
n Solar produces no pollution
Disadvantages:
n It does not work well on cloudy days
n It does not work at night.
n It is less effective the further north you go
n It is difficult to store large amounts of energy in batteries
Hydroelectricity
n Dams hold large amounts of water back.
n Water flowing through forces turbines to spin and create electricity.
Advantage:
n No pollution and is renewable.
Disadvantages:
n But, causes environmental damage.
n It floods lands, alters rivers temperature and character and can kill fish species
Tidal and Wave Energy
n In the early stages of development
n Moving water can spin turbines and generate electricity
Biofuels
n Using crop waste, leaves, and wood products to generate fuel.
n Renewable because you can always grow more.
n Still produces carbon dioxide when burned.
Geothermal Energy
n Using hot water from the Earth
n Can only be used in certain areas with volcanic or geothermal activity
n Iceland is the world’s largest producer
n If we could drill deep enough, everywhere could have geothermal.
Nuclear Power
n It is a non-renewable resource since the uranium used as the fuel has a finite quantity.
Advantages:
n Nuclear Power is clean and non-polluting. Only water vapor is released.
n It is the most efficient form of electricity generation available.
n About 20% of electricity in U.S. is from nuclear
Disadvantages:
n The primary drawback of nuclear power is the nuclear waste.
n The waste is radioactive and have to be stored in secure and safe locations.
Energy Sources in the Philippines
The Philippines has large reserves of many natural resources; chief among these are oil, natural gas and coal. Other sources of energy that can be harnessed include geothermal energy and hydroelectricity. The country's slow rate of exploitation of these natural resources ensures that they will be available for generations to come.
Oil
The Philippines' proven oil deposits currently stand at 138 million barrels. The country's rate of extraction is 25,000 barrels a day, which is far below the consumption. Recent discovery of deep-water oil resources has encouraged greater production of oil, but it is still not enough to meet the country's petroleum needs without imports.
Natural Gas
Natural gas deposits in the Philippines are located offshore, above the country's deep-sea oil reserves. The Philippines possesses 3.9 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves. Although extraction only began in 2000, production has been able to meet demand every year without imports. Even larger natural gas deposits may be held in another offshore location.
Coal
The Philippines holds 260 million short tons of usable coal reserves. While it has recently increased extraction, consumption still far outpaces production, forcing the country to rely on imports to meet demand.
Geothermal Energy
Boracay, Philippines: because of its position as an island chain in the Pacific Ocean, the Philippines is located in a relatively active seismic area. Geothermal energy allows the country to use this to its advantage. Currently, the Philippines is the second highest producer of geothermal energy. The government has set a goal to surpass the United States as the highest producer in the world.
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity centers in the Philippines generate 2,900 megawatts of electricity, which is 19 percent of the country's total electricity consumption. The rate of production has remained constant for decades, but there are plans to introduce more hydroelectric centers.
Wind Energy
Wind power in the Philippines makes up a small percentage of the total energy output of the Philippines. The country wind energy sector has significant potential and could provide up to 76GW of power. Two of the largest developments are the Bangui Wind Farm in Bangui, Ilocos Norte, and the Wind Energy Power System (WEPS) in Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental.
Why it is important to save energy?
Save money
Reduce 'Greenhouse Gas' emissions: In South Africa electricity is generated from the coal-burning industries in Gauteng, which produces carbon dioxide (CO2) when burnt. This is contributing to Global Warming, which is potentially catastrophic. Fuel combustion in cars is also responsible for substantial CO2 emissions.
Reduce air pollution caused by burning coal to generate electricity, and from car fumes.
Save water: Power stations use 2 liters of water for every unit of electricity (kWh) generated.
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