This work proposes a quick measurement of the refractive index of dielectric nanofilm via a fabricated topological grating that comprises indium tin oxide (ITO) strips and nanowalls with an extremely high aspect ratio of 25. As the topological grating is capped with a dielectric nanofilm, the parabolic fields of the nanowalls destructively interfere with those of the ITO strips.  

Photoresist grids (PGs) hosting uniform ligand-doped liquid crystal (LC) films with large active regions of 1 × 1 cm2 are fabricated in this work. The length and thickness of the meshes of the PGs are optimized by studying the anchoring energy of the alignment layers of the LC films. 

This work uses surface acoustic waves (SAWs) that are generated by a piezoelectric substrate containing an interdigital transducer (IDT) to which a low voltage of 2 mV was applied at a frequency of 1 kHz to fabricate a polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS-BPLC) layer. 

In this study, we fabricate a counter electrode by coating a Pt ribbon onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate with a Pt layer. The Pt ribbon gives rise to a protrusive structure of the counter electrode, produced by photolithography, sputtering and lift-off processes.  

Aqueous solutions cannot be detected using transmissive terahertz metamaterials because water strongly absorbs terahertz waves. Transmissive terahertz metamaterials are easier to integrate terahertz emitters and receivers into single and compact devices than reflective terahertz metamaterials.  

A TiO2 strip array with a thickness of 90 nm was fabricated by photolithography and physical vapor deposition. This work utilized the chemical and physical methods to fabricate the TiO2 strip array. A porous semiconductor layer made of TiO2 nanoparticles was coated on the TiO2 strip array. The TiO2 strip array has a one-dimensional protrusive structure.  

A diffraction grating of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) with polarization-selective characteristics is investigated. Electrically controllable gratings are produced using In-Plane Switching (IPS) electrodes. Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes with a stripe pattern are used to generate a horizontal electric field parallel to the substrate on a single glass substrate.