More than half of the world’s population can speak a second language. How do these bilinguals or multilinguals handle two or more languages in their brains? The past thirty years have witnessed huge growth in brain-based research on language representations and language control in bilinguals. In this talk, I will introduce bilinguals’ overlapped functional networks for first language (L1) and second language (L2), and their modulators. Chinese-English bilinguals, unlike bilinguals speaking alphabetic languages, displayed distinct neural patterns as a result of long-term Chinese learning experience. As both languages are usually activated in parallel in bilinguals, neuroscientists also suggest a language control network to solve the conflict between their two languages. I will present our findings on how linguistic contexts modulate the language control network in Cantonese-Mandarin-English trilinguals. Our findings highlight the significance of language learning experience in shaping bilinguals’ brain structure and function, which might enlighten real-world language learning and education.