Brutt-Griffler (2020):
"it’s not so much dominant languages that threaten endangered ones as the suppression of multilingualism. Ecologies of cultures and languages have always included and incorporated the lingua francas that come and go" (p. 156).
Problems with trying to categorize people into "native" and "nonnative" speakers; as well as "native speaker" and "mother tongue" - trying to use these to identify who belongs leads to racism, xenophobia
The identities of "mother tongue" and "native language" are often quite fluid.
The state has a lot of power to combat or support multilingual proficiency. "Since the affluent can purchase multilingual proficiency and access to any language of parents' choice, the state exerts its most powerful impact in this respect on the non-affluent global majority" (p. 161).
Shift from how to best learn a target language to how to best promote multilingual proficiency. Demystify the idea of a "first" language.
Brutt-Griffler, J. (2020). Who’s afraid of multilingualism? Language and intersectionality. Nordic Journal of English Studies, 19(3), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.35360/njes.585
Kolesnykova, T. O., Corti, P., & Buist-Zhuk, M. (2022). European practices of overcoming language barriers in times of crisis: Open educational resources. University Library at a New Stage of Social Communications Development. Conference Proceedings, (7), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.15802/unilib/2022_270952
United Nations Special Rapporteur on minority issues. (2017). Language rights of linguistic minorities: A practical guide for implementation. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Minorities/SR/LanguageRightsLinguisticMinorities_EN.pdf