Freedom of Information, Part Three
Anytime censorship and attacks on intellectual freedom are discussed, it is important to also talk about what can be done to combat censorship and support intellectual freedom. First, the American Library Association's code of ethics should be noted. Particularly relevant to the language learning community are points 2, "we uphold the principles of intellectual freedom and resist all efforts to censor library resources," and 9:
We affirm the inherent dignity and rights of every person. We work to recognize and dismantle systemic and individual biases; to confront inequity and oppression; to enhance diversity and inclusion; and to advance racial and social justice in our libraries, communities, profession, and associations through awareness, advocacy, education, collaboration, services, and allocation of resources and spaces (2023)
While all nine elements are important, these two stand out for their specific relevance to supporting freedom of information and treating everyone equally. Library staff should learn this code of ethics and strive to achive it in order to better support the mission, vission, and goals of libraries everywhere. Similarly, if your organization has their own mission, vision, and values, I highly reccommend learning these as well. By learning your individual organization's goals, you can be better poised to advocate for the library and the people the library serves.
There are many things that library staff can do to better support the intellectual freedom of language learners. First, Brutt-Griffler (2020) notes that there is a need to "shift from a too-frequent focus on how to best promote learning in the target language to how to best promote multilingual proficiency," and, "it is time to demystify the 'mother tongue' or 'native' or 'first' language" (p. 162). Even if someone grew up speaking a language, they may not be able to speak it now, or may prefer a different language over the one traditionally called their "first language." Allow people the opportunity to decide which language they would like to receive service in, and make every effort to have that option available to them. This could look like hiring staff who speak key languages, utilizing a phone interpretation service such as Language Now, recruiting volunteers who speak multiple languages, learning how to use machine translation software like Google Translate, or translating signage into multiple languages, just to name a few options.
One small, actionable step libraries can take without significant effort is to create a sign, potentially similar to the one on the right, and place them at each customer-facing desk. Whenever a patron needs to use interpretation services, all they have to do is point to the sign and staff will know to start utilizing the interpretation service the library subscribes to. As a library, it is important to provide these interpretation services, as "we cannot assume that a reader has access to an online translator that is not compromised and that will faithfully convey what we write" (Ruo et al., 2024, p. 100). Ultimately, it is up to the person speaking or sending the message to ensure what they are saying is understood as intended.
Additionally, work to make your library a more inclusive space. Say "hi" to every person who walks in the door, and make an effort to get to know the patrons. All library staff should have the languages they speak, even if it is only at a beginner level, on their badges/nametags and be willing to use the language. When it comes to serving the language learning community, there is no such thing as speaking a language "badly." Any effort to speak a patron's preferred language is almost always going to be met with much appreciation, and lead to the patron feeling more safe and comfortable in the library. Many public libraries subscribe to a language learning platform. During downtime, choose one of the languages in your local community and start to learn it. Not only will this help you better communicate with those who speak the language, but it will also offer the opportunity to experience what language learning is actually like and better appreciate the amount of effort that goes into it.
Note. From Multilingual live chat [Image], by Jeff Wilson, 2016, Live Admissions. (https://www.liveadmins.com/blog/how-multilingual-live-chat-can-help-your-business/)
When it comes to censorship, there are many different actions librarians can take. Davis particularly recommends staff understand the book challenging process, document decisions, engage all stakeholders, offer choices of books, facilitate dialogue about the challenged materials and topics, respect diverse perspectives, and stay informed (2024). It is not enough to meerly think about censorship, but to actually understand what and who is causing it, as well as how it affects people in their daily lives. By keeping up to date with new book releases, library staff can help provide alternatives to books that are censored, in addition to maintaining their readers' advisory skills.
Libraries are vital community resources, for language learners and the general public alike. "Historically revered as repositories of knowledge, libraries have evolved into dynamic institutions that actively safeguard and celebrate cultural heritage" (Gundakanal & Kaddipujar, 2024, p. 233). By keeping langauge learners in mind, libraries can better serve their community by advocating against censorship, protecting intellectual freedom, and considering professional ethics. As Cooper (2008) says, "many of these services safeguard and promote the so called vehicles of intangible cultural heritage for future generations" (p. 28).
The Routledge handbook of translation and censorship edited by Denise Merkle and Brian James Baer
This nonfiction book explores how translation has sometimes been used as a tool for censorship across the globe. The authors examine various types of translation across many different countries. Additionally, they look both at present and historical examples of the practice. It is written by leaders in the field of translation studies, and is designed to help students and new professionals learn the ethical guidelines to translation. While not library specific, this work offers library staff the ability to learn more about the difficult work of translation, why translation is such an important service for language learners and the linguistically diverse community, and see how censorship specifically impacts this community in a more in-depth manner.
Engaging Multilingual Communities and English Language Learners in U.S. Libraries: While it is only 18 pages, this resource guide is helpful for assisting library staff on serving English language learners and integrating them into the library service. They give an overview of the multilingual community, how to integrate them into the library community, and ideas for programming designated specifically for this community.
Language Now: Language Now is one of the over-the-phone interpretation service platforms available for libraries to subscribe to. Their service allows for library staff to make a phone call to their line, where the patron will be paired with one of their interpreters. This allows for the patron to communicate with the library staff in the language they feel most comfortable using, while also allowing conversation to flow.
Language Rights of Linguistic Minorities: UNESCO's report on the language rights of linguistic minorities serves to address challenges speakers of minority languages face. They describe the language rights of these people and give guidelines and recommendations on how to implement them.
Serving Non-English Speakers: This report, published by the ALA is especially helpful for integrating multilingual support within libraries. While I have mentioned this resource before, it is relevant to supporting professional ethics and builds ideas around programming and services that can be built by and for non-English speakers.
American Library Association. (2023). ALA code of ethics. https://www.ala.org/tools/ethics
Brutt-Griffler, J. (2020). Who’s afraid of multilingualism? Language and intersectionality. Nordic Journal of English Studies, 19(3), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.35360/njes.585
Cooper, D. (2008). Sustaining Language Diversity: The Role of Public Libraries. Australasian Public Libraries and Information Services, 21(1), 28–32.
Davis, C. (2024, July 16). Navigating book bans and censorship in ELA classrooms. Literacy Lightbulb. https://literacylightbulb.com/navigating-book-bans-and-censorship-in-ela-classrooms/
Gundakanal, S. S., & Kaddipujar, M. (2024). Cultural custodians: The role of libraries in preserving and promoting language, literature, and heritage. Journal of the School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 26(6), 233–243.
Ruo, S., Knockel, J., & Reichert, Z. (2024). Lost in translation: Characterizing automated censorship in online translation services. Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2024(2), 93–101. https://www.petsymposium.org/foci/2024/foci-2024-0018.php