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Mitochondrial stress response and mitokine
Mitochondrial stress response and mitokine
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a central part of the mitohormetic response and is a retrograde signaling pathway, which utilizes the mitochondria-to-nucleus communication network. Our understanding of the UPRmt has contributed to elucidating the role of mitochondria in metabolic adaptation and disease regulation.
https://jme.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/jme/61/3/JME-18-0005.xml
Interaction between hepatic stellate cells and immune cells
Interaction between hepatic stellate cells and immune cells
Liver is an immunologic organ in humans and rodents because of its structure, location, and function. 60–80% of the hepatic cell number is composed of hepatocytes, and the remaining 20–40% is non‐parenchymal cells including endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, lymphocytes, biliary cells, and HSCs. Diverse roles of immune cells (e.g. profibrotic/antifibrotic or both) are involved in the regulation of the activation of hepatic stellate cells during liver fibrosis.
Crosstalk between muscle and bone
Crosstalk between muscle and bone
Progressive loss of muscle mass and function has also been implicated as a critical risk factor for osteoporosis through reduction of bone strength caused by decreasing mechanical loading on the skeleton. Mitochondrial OxPhos function regulates muscle mass and physical activity, which are related to the bone homeostasis. Muscle loss-mediated bone marrow inflammation is required for loss of muscle mass and function-mediated bone loss and fragility.
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