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PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism means using someone else’s work without giving them proper credit. In academic writing, plagiarizing involves using words, ideas, or information from a source without citing it correctly. In practice, this can mean a few different things.

Plagiarism is defined by the "Merriam-Webster Dictionary,” means “to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own” and “to commit literary theft” by failing to acknowledge or cite source material.

Types of Plagiarism:

• Complete plagiarism means passing off an entire text by someone else as your own work.

• Verbatim plagiarism means directly copying someone else’s words. When we read a book we must have observed that if any statement that a famous person has made is always represented in double quotations and is highlighted so that we get to know that it is said by this particular person. Similarly consider a person writing an article and mentioning someone else’s work or words that too exactly the same. But this person doesn’t represent it in quotation marks. Then that person is said to be exhibiting direct plagiarism. Hence copying another person’s work word to word and not representing it in quotation marks is known as Verbatim or direct plagiarism

• Paraphrasing plagiarism means rephrasing someone else’s ideas to present them as your own.

• Patchwork plagiarism means stitching together parts of different sources to create your text.

• Self Plagiarism means recycling your own past work.

• Accidental Plagiarism: This kind of plagiarism mostly occurs due to a lack of knowledge. If we don’t know how to paraphrase, cite and quote a research work we leave the work as it is and it results in accidental plagiarism.

Learn More about Plagiarism :

• https://www.plagiarism.org/

• https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism#:~:text=The%20University%20defines%20plagiarism%20as,your%20work%20without%20full%20acknowledgement.

• https://www.scribbr.com/category/plagiarism/

Citation Guide

Citations - Refers to brief mentions made within a manuscript that indicate the source of information or ideas used in academic writing. It involves both the in-text mention (like author, year) and the full entry in a bibliography or references indicating where the information was sourced.

Reference - Refers to the list of sources that have been directly cited in your paper that is mentioned at the end of document, its a formal acknowledgment of the sources used in academic writing. It involves complete and comprehensive details about  the title of the work, publisher, publication date, and sometimes the URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier). 

Bibliography - A comprehensive list of all sources you consulted during your research, regardless of whether you directly cited them in the work. It includes background reading that influenced your thinking. Chicago citations and Oxford citations are two citation styles that use bibliographies. 

There are several different reference and citation styles available. Styles are well-established practices and conventions. One can select and use a particular style depending on the discipline in which one works and the widely used style in the respective domain. Some of the styles used in academic writing are mentioned below. 

• ACS Style (American Chemical Society) is the definitive source for all information needed to write, review, submit, and edit scholarly and scientific manuscripts. It is an established resource for the chemistry community.  

• AIP Style (American Institute of Physics) has a Style Manual that specifies how to format documents for submission to an AIP journal. AIP is the format commonly used in the field of physics. 

• APA Style (American Psychological Association) is the citation style used in most of the social sciences as well as some of the natural sciences. 

• MLA Style (Modern Language Association) is the citation style most commonly used by literature and language scholars, but is also often used in other humanities subjects. 

• Chicago Style (Chicago Manual of Style) is the citation style preferred by historians, but is also often used in other arts and humanities subjects.