Peer-reviewed Publication
Asian American Diversity and Representation in the Healthcare Workforce, 2007-2022 with Michelle Ko, Sarah Iv, and Monica Hahn. 2024, JAMA Network Open
Working Papers
The Effect of Scope of Practice and Medicaid Reimbursement on the Labor Supply of Primary-Care Providers
Abstract: The shortage of primary care providers in the United States has been well-documented, and alleviating this shortage by increasing the number of physicians faces hurdles set by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 and the American Medical Association. Nurse practitioners (NPs) can function similarly to primary-care physicians, but are unable to do so because of legislation in some states that mandates a physician to oversee their work. Moreover, practice sites may still prefer to employ physicians even when NP can work independently because insurance companies reimburse NPs and other mid-level providers at lower rates than physicians. In this paper, I explore the additive and interacted effect of granting NPs full practice authority and increasing the amount Medicaid reimburses NPs relative to physicians on the labor outcomes of NPs, physicians, and physician assistants with a difference-in-difference strategy. I find that the number of active NP licenses increase among dual-adopter states, but the number of people certified to work as NPs remains the same and the number certified to work as physicians increases. The biggest "winners" among these professions, however, are physicians who experience the largest wage gains without much change to usual hours worked. Nurse practitioners have the second-largest wage gains, while physicians assistants see wage decreases despite experiencing the largest average increase in usual hours worked. This suggests that the turf war between nurse practitioners and physicians is unnecessary because removing the administrative bloat from physician supervision benefits both professions.
Asian Americans in the Health Professions: A Historical Overview and Contemporary Representation (with Sarah Iv, Angela Zhang, Michelle Ko, Monica Hahn)
Tactical Analysis of Out-of-System Plays in Collegiate Women’s Volleyball (with Ryan Snyder)
Work in Progress
Effect of Access to Care on Mental Health for Gender-diverse Military Dependents (with David Klein)
Math Assessment and Intervention in Economics Principles and Intermediate Courses (with Janine Wilson)