PARTS OF THE INTRODUCTION
Signal phrase and introduce topic:
In the article, “Starving Children Don’t Cry”, Nicholas Kristof sheds light on the negative effects that the current pandemic has had on developing countries, especially Yemen.
Problems;
Too many children are dying as a result of starvation. Not only that, the pandemic has also worsened the financial state of these developing countries. One of the main negative effects of a financial situation within these countries is that famines began to rise again which resulted in many people and children dying. Also, it made it increasingly difficult for people with illnesses such as AIDS, malaria, polio, and even Vitamin A deficiency. Another main issue the author stated was that the pandemic would escalate child marriage rates, genital mutilation rates, and reduced access to contraceptives which may add to the unintended pregnancy rates.
Transition to Thesis:
As a result of the author illuminating these issues, she comes to the conclusion that one of the main solutions to this issue was to have greater efforts to distribute the vaccine globally, debt relief and assistance from wealthy countries. Throughout the entirety of Kristof’s article, he used a variety of strategies to convey his claims. These strategies include appeal to emotion, logic, and also expert testimony.
Thesis:
Therefore, the author’s attempts at these strategies are effective enough to more likely bring the reader to a conclusion that they can help and also strive to make a change within the world in terms of world hunger.
Introduce the strategy/ technique and link it to an appeal:
Pathos- using 2nd person point of view and choice of words
Textual evidence that shows the strategy in use:
“Starvation is agonizing and degrading. You lose control of your bowels. Your skin peels off, your hair falls out, you hallucinate and you may go blind from lack of vitamin A. While you waste away, your body cannibalizes itself: It consumes its own muscles, even the heart.”
Author’s purpose for using this strategy (relate to the call for action):
The author's purpose for including this is to get the reader to truly think about what life would have been like ofr the, if they were suffering with starvation for a majority of their lives.
Analyze the effectiveness of this strategy/ technique (HOW does it work to convince readers):
effective because when allowing the reader to step into the shoes of others that may be suffering with the same thing, it paves the way for a surreal understanding.
Introduce the strategy/ technique and link it to an appeal:
Pathos- anecdotal evidence
Textual evidence that shows the strategy in use:
“Abdo died soon after arriving at the hospital. A photographer named Giles Clarke, a friend of mine whom I met on my last trip to Yemen, was there again and captured the scene.
His photographs, including those with this column, are painful to witness, but many families, including Abdo’s, allow photography — indeed, want photos to be circulated — because they hope that the world will understand that children are dying needlessly of hunger, and that help is desperately needed to avert more child deaths.”
Author’s purpose for using this strategy (relate to the call for action):
The author describes his experience with his friend, who is a photographer, and explains how it was intially heartbreaking to take the pictures. However, he did it in hopes that it would make a change when he shows them to the world.
Analyze the effectiveness of this strategy/ technique (HOW does it work to convince readers):
This is effective because by allowing the reader to know how the auhtor was feeling, it likely makes the reader think that they should be feeling the same. The author is attempting to ge the reader to be moved by the situation.
Introduce the strategy/ technique and link it to an appeal:
Using both an appeal to facts and emotions
Textual evidence that shows the strategy in use:
“Yet Abdo Sayid, a 4-year-old boy so emaciated he weighed just 14 pounds, wasn’t crying when he was brought to a hospital recently in Aden, Yemen. That’s because children who are starving don’t cry or even frown. Instead, they are eerily calm; they appear apathetic, often expressionless. A body that is starving doesn’t waste energy on tears. It directs every calorie to keep the major organs functioning.”
Author’s purpose for using this strategy (relate to the call for action):
The author's purpose for including this is likely get the reader to imagine someone that they know at the age of 4, go through something as tramatizing as suffering from this form of starvation.
Analyze the effectiveness of this strategy/ technique (HOW does it work to convince readers):
The author provides devistating information that the reader was very likely to be unaware of. This is effective because it allows the reader to open their eyes to how serious this situation is. Not only that but the author including information of a helpless child which effectively stirs up emotions because any person with empathy should believe that no child should have to go through this.
Body paragraphs (Copy/paste and fill out for each body paragraph):
Introduce the strategy/ technique and link it to an appeal:
Apeal to logic and emotion with statistics.
Textual evidence that shows the strategy in use:
“At this time of the year I normally counter all my gloomy columns by writing that the previous year was the best in human history, by such metrics as the share of children dying by the age of 5. But 2020 was not the best year in human history. It was an annus horribilis, and UNICEF warns that the result may be 10,000 additional children dying each month from hunger.”
Author’s purpose for using this strategy (relate to the call for action):
The purpose for the author saying this was to highlight the disparity of what's been going on. The fact that the author isn't able to introduce bad news by stating the good news from the year before because that year was terrible in itself conveys the fact that there is truly an issue that needs to be address sooner or later.
Analyze the effectiveness of this strategy/ technique (HOW does it work to convince readers):
This is effective because it is a further shot at getting the reader to understand the severity of the issues such as starvation and famine that are plaguing this world. in other words, the fact that there wasn't good news to give, pushes the reader to reflect on the fact that the world is increasingly falling apart day by day which may further allow for some deep thinking on how the reader may be able to help in this situation.
Introduce the strategy/ technique and link it to an appeal:
Logos: giving background information on Yemen.
Textual evidence that shows the strategy in use:
“Yemen’s suffering is complicated. Always poor, the country has been shattered by a war and blockade by Saudi Arabia, with backing from the United States under both the Obama and Trump administrations. (Obama officials have acknowledged, not as candidly as they should, that this was a mistake.) Misrule by the Houthi faction, backed by Iran, has compounded the suffering, as have both cholera and the coronavirus — and donor countries are focused on their own problems and averting their eyes.”
Author’s purpose for using this strategy (relate to the call for action):
The author wanted to let the readers know that Yemen has been suffering as a country for a long time even before the pandemic.
Analyze the effectiveness of this strategy/ technique (HOW does it work to convince readers):
This strategy is effective because it allows the reader to feel empathy for people living in these conditions on a daily basis. These facts further prove the author's claim that the pandemic had only made matters worse for these third world countries.
Introduce the strategy/ technique and link it to an appeal:
Logos: Corrective Measures
Textual evidence that shows the strategy in use:
“The setback in developing countries has been exacerbated by passivity, paralysis and indifference in the United States and Europe, and in international organizations like the World Bank.”
Author’s purpose for using this strategy (relate to the call for action):
The author is stating that one of the main reasons that the countries are in this state is because the people that are actually able to help are being passive and not focusing on the issues that matter much more.
Analyze the effectiveness of this strategy/ technique (HOW does it work to convince readers):
This strategy is effective because it allows the reader to get better knowledge of the fact that
Introduce the strategy/ technique and link it to an appeal:
Appeal to logic, provides further information and connects the pandemic to global suffering
Textual evidence that shows the strategy in use:
The biggest cause of the global crisis is the coronavirus pandemic, but only indirectly. Outside of the rich world, the casualties are not octogenarians with the virus so much as children dying of hunger because of economic disruptions, or middle-aged adults dying of AIDS because they can’t get medicines.
Author’s purpose for using this strategy (relate to the call for action):
The author is stating that the Pandemic has only indirectly affected these developing countries and has caused an even worse financial situation. However, it doesn't take away from the fact that these are the very same financial issues that have caused a variety of sufferings other than hunger such as people not being able to get medication for their chronic illnesses.
Analyze the effectiveness of this strategy/ technique (HOW does it work to convince readers):
This strategy is effective because it gives the reader an even deeper understanding of how the pandemic is contributing to the pre-existing sufferings of the world and especially in countries that are in need of aid.
Introduce the strategy/ technique and link it to an appeal:
Logos, further information of developing countries are being indirectly affected by the pandemic
Textual evidence that shows the strategy in use:
If you simply look at coronavirus numbers, you might think that poor countries had dodged a bullet. Developing countries have generally avoided high mortality from Covid-19, particularly in Africa.
Author’s purpose for using this strategy (relate to the call for action):
The author points out the fact that although these developing countries have strayed away from casualties due to COVID-19, they are still struggling insufferably due to other diseases such as malaria, AIDS, polio, and along with Vitamin A deficiency. The pandemic may not have hurt them physically but it has hurt them even more economically and agriculturally.
Analyze the effectiveness of this strategy/ technique (HOW does it work to convince readers):
**This is critical thinking and analysis (it comes from you, not the text)