Like any other form of human activity, Science — and each science in particular — is the result of its time and place. To understand its evolution over time, it is necessary to understand how it responds to the more or less explicit demands of decision-making power and how it expresses the dominant views of society and academia.There is—especially in the time before academic institutionalization—no real continuity in the history of any science: just an anastomosis of varied discourses and practices on topics that, retrospectively, indicate a certain degree of familiarity.Geography is an ancient science, even in name. It is among the concerns of the 'speculative moves' of Antiquity, along with Astronomy, Astrology or History, areas with which it establishes relations of great intellectual proximity.A name, if a genealogy suggests, does not guarantee an immutable identity. And what, in the arc of centuries, is understood by 'Geography' are the most diverse intellectual proposals, focusing on problems that are also distinct.Despite the diversity of origin and trajectory, a science also establishes a tradition. He recognizes similar problems as central to his research practice, even when it presents formidable metamorphoses over time.There is no doubt that the retrospective vision of continuity, even if based on concrete evidence of similarity, is a significant representation of a multiform reality. At each moment, among the available elements of this past, some are valued, and more clearly illuminated in the sequence of tradition, while others remain in the shadows of history until a new epistemological present rescues them and with them affirms the pedigree of a new version of the past that it proposes.This 'history' of Portuguese geography is just one among others that could be written. It uses concrete examples of diverse expressions of 'geographic' discourses and practices of authors and institutions — Portuguese or about Portugal.No parochial purpose animates this concise history of Portuguese geography. Rather, the conviction that all localized expressions of a Science have a differentiating role in the set of their common history: and even more in the case of a Geography, the Portuguese, which at times accompanied what was most 'modern' in the world. cosmopolitan international centers and established a fertile field of regional and tropical studies.In order to avoid any kind of anacrhonotopism, we believe, however, that no history of Science can do without the identification, in each era, of the social mechanisms of its production and the cultural contexts that give meaning to its emergence and transformation.