As a part of the Delta program, I completed an internship to apply my understanding of Delta's three founding pillars to a real classroom community. Learn more about the Delta program here. Below, I have included information about my Delta internship project, as well as a reflection rooted in the three pillars at the core of Delta's mission.
For my internship, I partnered with Dolly Ledin (Co-founder of Adult Role Models in Science) and collected data to assess the extent to which elementary school teacher partnerships with university scientists were increasing teachers' self-confidence in science teaching. I became interested in this topic because, the year before, I had participated in Dolly's program Young Science Scholars, in which I worked in a team with classroom teachers to stimulate inquiry in their elementary school classrooms.
Amid calls to improve K-5 elementary school science, elementary school teachers consistently report a lack of confidence in their science teaching, which may stem from a lack of time or funding for science education at this level. Because lack of self-confidence in science teaching can lead to avoidance of inquiry-based science teaching, many studies focus on how to increase pre-service teachers’ confidence in science. However, fewer studies focus on the need to develop established teachers’ self-confidence in science teaching. Building off the model of the Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education program (the GK-12 program), the program Young Science Scholars (YSS) paired STEM graduate and undergraduate students from the University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW) with K-5 teachers in the Madison Metropolitan School District for the 2015-2016 school year. Unlike the GK-12 program, YSS had limited outside funding, and roles for partnerships were not clearly specified. Thus, it is unclear whether the reduced scope of YSS partnerships compared to those of GK-12 benefit participating teachers. To test the hypothesis that YSS would increase participating teachers’ self-confidence in science teaching, and to gain insight into the roles UW partners and teachers took in their partnerships, we administered surveys and performed classroom observations. Teachers reported having higher self-confidence in science teaching at the program’s end compared to the beginning; specifically, teachers reported gains in confidence leading science lessons, doing experiments in the classroom, with classroom science material and in their abilities to engage students in science. Survey responses also suggested that teacher-UW partnerships may have increased teacher self-confidence through joint development and teaching of inquiry-based science lessons and by UW partners’ modeling of science in teachers’ classrooms. Classroom observations revealed that teachers were actively participating in inquiry-related science instruction in their classrooms, but that there was large variability between partnerships. YSS may serve as an example for how effective university-district partnerships can exist in circumstances of limited funding or resources, and for teachers, graduate and undergraduate students with limited time to dedicate to the program.
The Teaching and Learning Symposium is an annual event at UW Madison during which campus-wide education research and teaching-as-research projects are presented in oral talk and poster formats.
Through the process of completing my Internship, I worked with a cohort of other Interns in a seminar which allowed me to put my work in context with the ideas of Teaching-as-Research, Learning Communities, and Learning-through-Diversity.
It was somehow surprising to me to connect teaching and research. In the lab I am always concerned with how my experiments are working. Similarly, in the classroom, I am always concerned with whether students are learning what I set out to teach. In the internship seminar, I developed my own research question and study design and also saw my fellow interns design their studies in diverse educational settings. To me, the experience was liberating. Instead of pure trial and error, and relying on a sense for whether or not certain teaching strategies are working for students, I can collect data to get an idea for how my teaching decisions are affecting the class. I was also exposed to a vast literature on effective teaching techniques and strategies for collecting data in the classroom. Before the internship, I had a vague sense of the possibility of teaching-as-research, but my experience conducting a project and sharing the challenges and successes with my fellow interns has given me a concrete sense of what is involved, and gives me a firm basis for implementing what I've learned in my future classrooms. On a final note, I had considered teaching-as-research as something that needed to be formal like a lab experiment. But I've learned that teaching-as-research can be more informal, in the sense that I learn from my own teaching experiences and implement what I've learned in future classrooms (such as my informal use of Minute Papers).
My internship cohort was a great example of a learning community, which brought together graduate students from various fields with a shared interest in education. For example, our internship projects spanned courses from Biology to Physics where teaching strategies can be very different, and hearing what my fellow interns were trying while teaching general chemistry or astronomy expanded my understanding pedagogical methods. It also allowed us, as fellow graduate students with different approaches to research, to provide each other with diverse feedback in which we all could comment on different aspects of one another's internship projects.
The internship seminar also made me aware that my own project involved a Learning Community of elementary school teachers, UW Madison students and community scientists. Each month when all of us met to discuss Young Science Scholars, we would hear the teacher perspective, the scientist perspective, and the administrative perspective. For example, there were several instances when teachers felt the need to push back the overly zealous pipe dreams of the scientists and administrators about integrating inquiry-based activities in the classroom -- it was critical for the teachers, already stretched thin on time, to have a voice in the depth of the curriculum, and also to provide insight into how scientific concepts could be best integrated in their classrooms. I was able to learn a lot about how teachers and administrators interact, and how their voices can balance one another out. In this experience, it seemed intuitive to me that Learning Communities function best when the community is not homogenous, but there is still a common interest in the group; everyone in the group is motivated to share their perspective on how the group can works towards its goals.
Whether I intend it or not, I've often ended up working with people more similar than dissimilar to me in terms of ethnicity, age, and upbringing. Working with elementary schools in the local school district got me out of a university setting, where the teaching philosophies and sharing of experiences with my elementary school teacher partners allowed me to find commonalities and contrasts between university and elementary school science education.
For one, UW Madison college students are not as ethnically diverse as the surrounding elementary schools. Furthermore, the socioeconomic make-up of the university compared to the elementary school is undoubtably different because poorer students are less likely to continue to a higher education than more well-off students. This was true for my own education as well, considering the people I know who have or have not pursued higher education in the Biological sciences. The current trend, at least for Biology at research-focused institutions, is that ethnic and socio-economic diversity is largely gone at the college and graduate level. So my college freshmen at UW Madison are mostly interacting with people who look like them, and who came from more similar backgrounds when put in the context of the larger community. Furthermore, diversity narrows again in the transition to graduate level education so that the diversity of the TAs and faculty is not necessarily representative of the undergraduate student body. We are missing opportunities in the biological sciences, in my experience, to Learn-through-Diversity in developing research programs and curriculum for undergraduate students.
I also have since thought of the university in a broader context -- specifically, what is the role of the community in a university town in the research at the university? In general, I have also been thinking about the distinction between Learning-through-Diversity, and the use of diversity for learning. In the former, I learn through the integration of experiences from all group members. In the latter case, while it is good to seek out new experiences outside a personal 'bubble', I do not want to hand-pick diversity for my own learning; I believe the goal is instead for the learning environment to benefit from being inclusive and accepting of a variety of backgrounds and perspectives in educational and work settings.