Topographic maps are extremely detailed and extremely accurate maps of structures made by nature. Things such as lakes, canyons, rivers, and even elevations are shown on these types of maps.
The maps are made by contour lines that show the layout of the land. Then there is the gradient and this shows the elevation and it is usially shown in feet or miles.
When there is any source of water on the map you can find it by the contour lines on the map. There is a parabola shape which is a bell shaped curve that shows where the water is coming located in the area.
If you look at the tip of the parabolas the stream is going through, and follow them then you can determine where the water is coming from. To determine which way the water is flowing, all you have to do is look at the parabolas and what ever the the way the tip of the parabolas are pointing, the water is flowing the opposite, according to Horowitz. So in the photo above the water is flowing north east into the ocean.
Lastly there is longatude and latitude, longatude is the distance of a place going west to east, and latitude is the distance of a place going north to south.