Political polarization in Europe. Banco de España Working Paper, n. 2533, 2025. M Diakonova, C Ghirelli, J J Pérez. Media impact: Elcano; Business Insider, El Confidencial, El Español, El Comercio, La Razón, La Vanguardia.

Rethinking GPR: the Sources of Geopolitical Risk. Banco de España Working Paper, n. 2522, 2025. Irma Alonso, Marina Diakonova, Javier J. Pérez. Media impact: e-axes; SUERF Policy Brief.

How Economic Policy Uncertainty Spreads Across Borders: the Case of Latin America, Erik Andres-Escayola, Luis Molina, Javier J. Pérez, Elena Vidal. Draft available upon request. 

What size can reach the public sector in Europe in the next decade?, Fernando López-Vicente, Javier J. Pérez, Marta Rodríguez-Vives, Juan A. Rojas. Draft available upon request. 

Inflation and growth forecast errors and the sacrifice ratio of monetary policy in the euro area. Economics Letters, accepted October 2025. Corinna Ghirelli, Javier J. Pérez, Daniel Santabárbara.

El Niño and La Niña: Revisiting the impact on food commodity prices and euro area consumer prices. International Journal of Central Banking, accepted July 2025. F Borrallo, L Cuadro, C Ghirelli, J J Pérez.

The public-private wage gap in the euro area a decade after the sovereign debt crisis. International Journal of Manpower, June 2025. V Caballero, A L Gómez, C Ghirelli, J J Pérez. Media impact: La Sexta TV, El Confidencial, El Español, Voxpopuli, Xataca, Artículo14, MSN.

The information content of conflict, social unrest and policy uncertainty measures for macroeconomic forecasting. Latin American Journal of Central Banking, December 2024. M Diakonova, L Molina, H Mueller, Javier J Pérez, C Rauh.

Fiscal targets. A guide to forecasters?, Journal of Applied Econometrics, June/July 2023. J Paredes, Javier J Pérez, G Pérez-Quirós. Media impact: VoxEU Column

 Monitoring and forecasting food prices in the euro area. Banco de España Documento Ocasional, n. 2521, 2025. L. Cuadro-Saez, Corinna Ghirelli, Maximiliano Moreno-López, Javier J. Pérez.

Food commodity production and imports in Spain and the EU: how much external autonomy is there? Banco de España Economic Bulletin, 2025/Q2. Article 04. L Cuadro-Saez, J J Pérez, F Vinani.

La economía global entre la geopolítica, la geoeconomía y las megatendencias, Revista Economistas, 188, April 2025. Javier J Pérez.

¿Es posible la estabilidad presupuestaria en el actual contexto de crecientes necesidades de gasto público? Papeles de Economía Española, December 2024. C Marín, D Martínez-López, J J Pérez.

The EU’s Open Strategic Autonomy from a central banking perspective. Challenges to the monetary policy landscape from a changing geopolitical environment. European Central Bank Occasional Paper Series, No 311, March 2023. Demostenes Ioannou and Javier J. Pérez, (co-leads), International Relations Committee Workstream on EU’s Open Strategic Autonomy. Media impact: Panel Fundación Rafael del Pino, Webminar İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Actualidad Nebrija, reference in Bruegel discussion, CIDOB WS Prospectiva Geopolítica, Reinventing Bretton Woods Committee-BdE WS, ref. EU Council Spanish Presidency 2023.