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Citations Made Simple (yes, really)
Citations Made Simple (yes, really)
Introduction of this course~
This short teaching practice was written for the course "Writing for Adult Returning Learners." This course is designed to assist adult returning learners to successfully acclimate to the writing requirements within the university academic environment.
I will begin with an overview of some of the most common citation issues adult returning learners have when they begin to write. This is important because knowing how to properly cite is part and parcel to respecting the academic environment and the work others have done. It will also keep students' writing free from plagiarism.
A Quick Reminder of the Definition of Plagiarism ~
According to the Oxford Dictionary, Plagiarism is "The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own."
*Statistically unfortunately, plagiarism is on the rise.
Let's Get Started!
In-Text Direct Quotations ~ Things to know
Basics:
For In-Text Direct Quotations you must put the author(s) name in parenthesis with the year of the publication and the PAGE number(s).
Like this (Astin & Astin, 2010, p.2).
In-Text Direct Quotations ~ How many authors do I list?
For a work with 1 or 2 authors, include the author(s) name in every citation.
Like this (Astin & Astin, 2010, p.2).
For a work with 3 or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus “et al.” in every citation.
Like this (Abes, et al., 2011, p. 40).
If the quotation is on multiple pages add another “p” and the additional page number.
Like this (Abes, et al., 2011, pp. 40-43).
Keys
Remember this:
If your quote is over 40 words, then APA requires that you start the quote on a new line indented .5 from the margin and do not use quotation marks. (aka block formatting)
College campuses are complex social systems. They are defined by the relationships between faculty, staff, students, and alumni; bureaucratic procedures embodied by institutional policies; structural frameworks; institutional missions, visions, and core values; institutional history and traditions; and larger social contexts (Rankin & Reason, 2008, p. 262).
Bonus: Academic papers are double spaced throughout.
In case you forgot...
Paraphrasing a Citation (aka Parenthetical Citation)
For parenthetical citations, write the author(s) name and publication year within parentheses. These are usually placed at the end of the sentence, just before the period.
Like this
There is a positive correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers (Parker, 2019).
Narrative Citations
For narrative citations, the author's name appears naturally within a sentence. Place the publication year directly after the author’s name, like the example here.
Like this
Parker (2019) found a positive correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers.
One quick word on long paraphrases which you may not know ~
"A paraphrase may continue for several sentences. In such cases, cite the work being paraphrased on first mention. Once the work has been cited, it is NOT necessary to repeat the citation as long as the context of the writing makes it clear that the same work continues to be paraphrased. " (APA, 2020, p. 269).
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