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BIDIALECTALISM: refers to a context where individuals acquire two (vernacular) varieties (e.g., spoken dialects) and/or one or more written varieties of the same language (e.g., Norway’s two official written varieties, Nynorsk and Bokmål).
The GOAL with this project is to better document bidialectalism and effects of dialect use/congruency on Norwegian language processing:
How do speakers represent narrow linguistic variation between dialects they are exposed to?
How empirically dis/similar is bidialectalism from other types of multilingualism?
How is the processing of written languages (e.g. Bokmål/Nynorsk) influenced by one’s dialect?
How are bidialectal outcomes shaped by individual degrees of dialect engagement/exposure?
BIDIALECTAL LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION: Bidialectals acquire linguistic systems which are alike in most domains but which can vary in lexicon, morphosyntax, and/or phonology. This study represents the first large-scale (n = 225) EEG study, exploring how cross-dialectal differences are represented in the minds of bidialectal speakers.
DIALECT-SPECIFIC PROCESSING: ERP waveforms and non-agreement minus agreement scalp topographies for predicate adjectival number agreement among Northern Norwegian dialect speakers tested in two modes. The opposite polarity responses reveal contrasting dialect-specific processing: Bokmål (obligatory agreement, e.g., bilene var rød-e/*rød- 'the cars were red-PL/*-Ø) versus Northern Norwegian dialect (prohibited agreement, e.g., bilan va *rød-e/rød- 'the cars were red-*PL/-Ø). The overall weak responses reflect significant cross-dialectal influence.
PUBLICATIONS
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Helset, S., Lundquist, B., Rothman, J., & Vangsnes, Ø., A. (in revision). Tracking language change through ERPs: Individual production variability predicts morphosyntactic processing differences. Cognition.
manuscript
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, A. J., Helset, S., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, Ø. A., & Rothman, J. (2025). Bidialectal language representation and processing: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs. Journal of Memory and Language, 140, 104557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2024.104557
Submitted version
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Helset, S., Lundquist, B., Rothman, J., & Vangsnes, Ø., A. (in revision). Tracking language change through ERPs: Individual production variability predicts morphosyntactic processing differences. Cognition.
manuscript
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, A. J., Helset, S., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, Ø. A., & Rothman, J. (2025). Bidialectal language representation and processing: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs. Journal of Memory and Language, 140, 104557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2024.104557
Submitted version
Kubota, M., González Alonso, J., Jensen, N. I., Luque, A., Pereira Soares, S. M., Prystauka, Y., Vangsnes, Ø., Anderssen, M., Sandstedt, J., & Rothman, J. (in press). Bidialectal exposure modulates neural signatures to conflicting grammatical properties: Norway as a natural laboratory. Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12608
PRESENTATIONS
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, J.A., Helset, S. Lundquist, B., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, Ø. A., & Rothman, J. (2025). Dialect and sociolinguistic influence on reading: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs. ISB 15th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), San Sebastián, Spain.
slides
Sandstedt, J. (2025). Neural activity reveals inter- and intra-speaker sociolinguistic variation during sentence processing. University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
slides
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, A. J., Helset, S., Prystauka, Y., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, A. Ø., & Rothman, J. (2024). Bidialectal language representation and processing: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs. 12th International Conference on Language Variation in Europe – ICLaVE|12. Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria.
handout
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, A. J., Helset, S., Prystauka, Y., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, A. Ø., & Rothman, J. (2023). Cross-dialectal influence in bilectal processing: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs. Architectures and Mechanisms of Language Processing (AMLaP). BCBL – Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastián, Spain.
handout
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, A. J., Helset, S., Prystauka, Y., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, A. Ø., & Rothman, J. (2023). The distinct grammars of bilectal processing: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs. International conference on multilingualism and language acquisition. University of Helsinki, Finland.
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, A. J., Helset, S., Prystauka, Y., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, A. Ø., & Rothman, J. (2023). The distinct grammars of bilectal processing: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs. International conference on multilingualism and language acquisition. University of Helsinki, Finland.
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, A. J., Helset, S., Prystauka, Y., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, A. Ø., & Rothman, J. (2023). The role of grammatical alignment, engagement, and exposure in cross-dialectal influence on bilectal processing. Workshop on Multilectal Minds, UiT — The Arctic University of Norway. Tromsø, Norway.
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Darby, A. J., Helset, S., Prystauka, Y., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, A. Ø., & Rothman, J. (2023). The role of grammatical alignment, engagement, and exposure in cross-dialectal influence on bilectal processing. Workshop on Multilectal Minds, UiT — The Arctic University of Norway. Tromsø, Norway.
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Bogoyavlenskaya, A., Darby, A. J., Eiksund, H. T., Helset, S., Prystauka, Y., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, A. Ø., & Rothman, J. (2022). Tverrdialektal påverknad på bilektal prosessering: bevis frå norske ERPar [Cross-dialectal influence on bilectal processing: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs]. Møte om Norsk Språk, UiT — The Arctic University of Norway. Tromsø, Norway.
Sandstedt, J., Kubota, M., Anderssen, M., Bogoyavlenskaya, A., Darby, A. J., Eiksund, H. T., Helset, S., Prystauka, Y., Tavakoli, E., Vangsnes, A. Ø., & Rothman, J. (2022). Tverrdialektal påverknad på bilektal prosessering: bevis frå norske ERPar [Cross-dialectal influence on bilectal processing: Evidence from Norwegian ERPs]. Møte om Norsk Språk, UiT — The Arctic University of Norway. Tromsø, Norway.
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