The Basics Of Stepper Motor Technology

Stepper motors are typically used in applications that require precise and controlled movement. From printers and scanners to CNC machines and robotics, they are an essential component of many electromechanical systems. Keep reading to learn the fundamental principles behind stepper motors.

Components

The major components of a stepper motor include a rotor, stator, and a control system. The rotor is a permanent magnet that rotates inside the stator, which consists of multiple coils of wire arranged in a specific pattern. The control system generates electrical pulses sent to the coils in a particular sequence, causing the rotor to move in small steps.

Here are the three main types of stepper motors.

Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor

Permanent magnet stepper motors (PMSM) have a rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with multiple windings. The permanent magnets' magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field generated by the stator windings, resulting in precise and repeatable motion. PMSMs are commonly used in applications requiring high precision and torque.

Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor

Variable reluctance stepper motors (VRSM) have a simple construction with a rotor comprising soft iron or magnetic material and the stator consisting of winding. The stator windings are energized sequentially to create a magnetic field that pulls the rotor towards the energized stator winding. The next stator winding is energized as the rotor rotates to align with the new energized stator winding. The process repeats, resulting in precise control of the motor shaft.

Hybrid Stepper Motor

Hybrid stepper motors (HSM) are a combination of VRSM and PMSM. They have a rotor with permanent magnets and multiple teeth, and the stator has two sets of windings. One set of windings is used for low-speed operation and precise positioning, and the other set is used for high-speed operation. Hybrid stepper motors are the most common and provide a balance between precision and speed.

ISL Products is the leading manufacturer of stepper motors. Unlike other stepper manufacturers, we do not only provide standard solutions. We can customize a stepper motor based on parameters like output speed, motor current and frame size. Request a free quote today.