Learning Objectives    

1. Identify and differentiate between populations and samples.

2. Identify and differentiate between parameters and statistics.

3. Identify and classify variables as qualitative or quantitative.

4. Identify and classify qualitative variables as nominal or ordinal.

5. Identify and classify quantitative variables as discrete or continuous.

Learning Objectives    

1. Identify and differentiate between census and sampling.

2. Identify simple random sampling.

3. Identify systematic sampling.

4. Identify stratified sampling.

5. Identify cluster sampling.

6. Identify convenience sampling and self-selected surveys.

Learning Objectives    

1. Identify and differentiate between observational studies and designed experiments.

2. Identify and differentiate between types of observational studies- case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies.

3. Identify randomized control trials in designed experiments.

4. Identify control and treatment groups.

5. Identify placebo, blinding, and double blinding in designed experiments.

6. Recognize the power of observational studies and of designed experiments to establish associations and cause and effect relationships.

Learning Objectives    

1. Understand how errors can be introduced during sampling.

2. Identify and differentiate between sampling errors and non-sampling errors.

3. Categorize non-sampling errors due to-

   1. Sampling bias

   2. Response bias

   3. Non-response bias

4. Identify common sources of non-sampling errors such as-

   1. Incomplete frame

   2. Misrepresented answers

   3. Pollster pressure

   4. Interviewer error

   5. Wording of questions