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BY : MADHUBONI BASU
International relations is the study of the interactions of sovereign states with each other and with international organizations and subnational entities like political parties, bureaucracies, and interest groups. It concerns various inter-state activities like war, diplomacy, trade and foreign policy.
The earliest form of international relations was the establishment of treaties between different nations. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the growing power and influence of the United States, the field of international relations emerged and flourished largely in the West. It was the result of a growing demand to find less-dangerous and more-effective means of conducting relations between people, societies, governments, and economies and the popularization of political affairs, including foreign policies. In the 1920s, the extreme devastation caused by world wars 1 and 2 strengthened the conviction among political leaders that enough was not known about international relations and that research and teaching on issues related to international cooperation and war and peace should be promoted more.
The study and practice of international relations are multidisciplinary, or, highly collaborative in nature. It blends the fields of history, economics, and political science for examining topics such as human rights, poverty across the globe, the earth’s environment, economics, globalization, security, global ethics, and political environment.
Through the study of International relations, we try to understand:
• The origin of war
Maintenance of peace
• The nature and exercise of power around the globe.
• The changing manner in which decisions are taken on an international level
Methods used for maintaining international relations :
• Diplomacy: It is the act of communicating and negotiating between various representatives of states.
• Sanctions: They involve cutting ties with and imposing barriers on communication and trade between different nations who are at loggerheads.
• War: the use of force, is the ultimate tool for solving disputes which ideally should be used only once all other peaceful methods have failed.
• Mobilization of international shame: Attempt to alter the actions of a state through naming and shaming it at an international level can also act as an effective tool for settling disputes.
• Taking back economic and/or diplomatic benefits that any particular country had offered to the other conflicting country.
• Cultural diplomacy: mutual exchange of creative ideas, information, cultural habits, and language among nations has also been recognized by various governments as an important tool that can be employed for the development of international relations.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_relations
https://www.britannica.com/topic/international-relations
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