ADDIE

ADDIE is an acronym that stands for A=Analysis, D=Design, D=Development, I=Implementation, and E=Evaluation. It is a 5 phase model designers follow when developing instruction from beginning to end (Levesque, 2019). These steps do not necessarily need to be linear and there have been many revisions since its original concept. (Kurt, 2017). It can be view as an ongoing cycle, not only guiding designers in the initial process of an instructional design project, but also the ongoing evaluation and redesign of the instruction throughout and after the end of the project.

Analysis Phase

The analysis phase involves reviewing the need for instruction, who the learners are, and what activities to use during the course. This is the phase instructional goals and objectives are created. The designer will work with others to understand these different areas.

Design Phase

After determining what needs to be taught, who the learners are, and what activities to use to teach it, it is time to start mapping it out. In the design phase, the designer will decide how the instruction will be delivered. It also is the phase to review how to asses the learners during and after the process.

Development Phase

The decision of how to create the instruction is complete; it is time to move on to the development phase. This is the stage of putting it all together. Designers will start creating the material using the media selections chosen during the design phase. Examples of media used are word documents, videos, or eLearning modules.

Implementation Phase

It is now time to see the design in action. The implementation phase is the time to develop a procedure to deliver the design and put it into action.

Evaluation Phase

It is essential to know how the design works. It is time to evaluate. Use assessments to gauge if your learners learn. Evaluations also assist with finding out if the instruction needs any changes.

Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction

Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction is another model used to guide a designer through creating instruction. This model was designed by Robert Gagné, who was one of the pioneers of creating a systematic approach to learning, taking into account factors that affect learning (Kurt, 2020). Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction are:

• Gaining the learner's attention

• Informing the learner of the objective

• Stimulating recall of prior knowledge

• Presenting information

• Providing guidance

• Eliciting performance

• Providing feedback

• Assessing performance

• Enhancing retention & transfer

Devlin Peck provides details on each event in his video (2020).

Quiz Time!

Click the button to take a 15 question quiz on ADDIE and Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction.

References

Brown, A. H., & Green, T. D. (2020). The Essentials of Instructional Design: Connecting Fundamental Principles with Process and Practice (4th ed.). Routledge (Taylor & Francis).

Kurt, S. (2017, August 29). ADDIE Model: Instructional Design. Educational Technology. Retrieved January 19, 2020 from https://educationaltechnology.net/the-addie-model-instructional-design/

Kurt, S. (2020, December 7). Gagne’s Nine Events Of Instruction. Education Library. Retrieved January 14, 2023 from https://educationlibrary.org/gagnes-nine-events-of-instruction/

Levesque, S. (2019, February 25). Instructional Design ADDIE Model. University of Washington Bothell. Retrieved January 14, 2023 from https://www.uwb.edu/it/service-catalog/teaching-learning/hybrid-and-online-learning/instructional-design/addie

Peck, D. (2020, December 23). Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-31fCUQ2htU

Pratama, E. (2016). Design smartphone definition [Photograph]. Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/T6fDN60bMWY?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText