Copy of Muscles at Max speed

INTRODUCTION TO BIOMECHANICS

All movements and changes in movement are due to action of forces. The two most common type of forces are pulling and pushing. Human movements are done by our skeletal muscles which pull our bones to control the movement of our joints, enable us to apply forces to the external environment so that we can perform all the movements we do in daily living, maintaining upright posture, transporting the body or manipulating the objects.

Biomechanics is the study of the forces that act on and within living organism and the effect of the forces on the organism.

In this article we read and try to understand about forces, mechanics, biomechanics, forms of motion and SI unit of measurement.

FORCE

All bodies are continuously acted upon by force. A force can be defined as push or pull on an object that can make it move, stop, or change its shape or direction. The force that acts on a body arise from interaction of the body with its environment. There are two types of interactions: contact interaction produces contact forces, and attraction interaction which produces attraction forces.

Contact interaction refers to physical contact between the body and its environment. In contract interactions, the forces exerted by the environment on a body are referred as contact forces.

Now lets see environment consists mainly three main types of physical phenomena: solid, liquid and gases. In sports main sources of contact forces are implements i.e the ground, water, air and the forces exerted by opponents, generally in the form of push or pull.

Attraction interaction refers to naturally occurring forces of attraction between certain bodies that tends to make the bodies move towards each other and to maintain contact with each other after contact is made. For example - Human body is constantly subjected to a very considerable force of attraction i.e body weight, the force due to gravitational pull of the earth. It is body weight that keeps us in contact with ground and which brings us back to the ground.

Mechanics

Forces tend to affect the bodies in two ways :

Forces tend to deform bodies: Change the shape of bodies, for example Stretching (pulling force), Twisting (torsion force).

Forces determine the movement of bodies i.e the forces acting on a body determine whether it moves or remain at rest and determine its speed and direction if movements if it does move.

Mechanics is the study of the forces that acts on bodies and effects of the forces on the size, shape, structure and movements of the bodies, The actual effects that a force or combination of force has on a body i.e the amount of deformation and change of movement that occurs, depends upon the size of the force in relation to the mass of the body and mechanical property of the body. The mass of a body is the product of its volume and its density.

The volume of a body is the amount of space that the mass occupies and its density is the concentration of the matter(atoms and molecules) in the mass i.e amount of mass per unit volume.

The greater the concentration of mass, the larger the density. For example Iron density is greater than wood, similarly in human body, bone is more dense than muscle and muscle is more dense than fat.

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