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Carmen Lyra
Carmen Lyra
General information
General information
Full Name: María Isabel Carvajal Quesada
Date of Birth: January 14, 1887
Place of Birth: San José, Costa Rica
Nationality: Costa Rican
Occupation: Teacher, pedagogue, writer and politician
Education and work
Education and work
She was benefited by the General Education Law with the creation of Colegio Superior de Señoritas, where she graduated as a teacher in 1904.
In 1906, he joined the San Juan de Dios Hospital.
In 1914 she took over the editorship of the magazine Artística y Pedagógica Renovación.
In 1920 she published “Cuentos de mi tía Panchita” (Tales of my aunt Panchita), which gave her national relevance.
Interests
Interests
In 1910 she had an important participation in the founding of the Germinal Center and together with Don Omar Dengo and Romulo Tovar, they dedicated themselves to the study and dissemination of political, social and economic problems affecting the country.
in 1919 she led a national demonstration against the dictatorial Tinoco government.
During the government of Don Julio Acosta he traveled to Europe for pedagogical studies.
Translated the communist manifesto into Spanish
In 1926 she founded the Montes de Sabrina Nursery School (kindergarten).
In 1931 she headed the intellectual leadership of the communist party and collaborated with the newspaper “El Trabajo”.
History and political struggle
History and political struggle
For her, malnutrition, illiteracy and poverty were the consequence of systemic failures.
During the armed revolution in 1948, José Figueres Ferrer expelled communists from the country and Carmen Lyra was exiled to Mexico
The banana strike not only played an important role but also helped her to write another play “Bananas and Men”.
Her ideas reflect principles of human solidarity, conscious in political struggles and thus participating in the golden age of Costa Rica's social struggles.
Literature
Literature
La niña sol, teatro (obra perdida)
-Había una vez, teatro (obra perdida)
-Las fantasías de Juan Silvestre, relato, 1916
-En una silla de ruedas, novela, 1917 (revisada en 1946)
–Cuentos de mi tía Panchita, 1920; contiene 23 textos cortos:
-El tonto de las adivinanzas; Uvieta; Juan, el de la carguita de leña; Escomponte Perinola; La mica; El cotonudo; La cucarachita mandinga; La suegra del diablo; La casita de las Torrejas; La flor del olivar; La negra y la rubia; El pájaro Dulce Encanto; Salir con un domingo siete; Tío Conejo y tío Coyote; Porqué tío Conejo tiene las orejas tan largas; Cómo tío Conejo les jugó sucio a tía Ballena y a tío Elefante; De cómo tío Conejo salió de un apuro; Tío Conejo comerciante; Tío Conejo y los quesos; Tío Conejo y los caites de su abuela; Tío Conejo y el Yurro; Tío Conejo y el caballo de Mano Juan Piedra; y Tío Conejo ennoviado
-¿Qué habrá sido de ella?, relato, 1922 (publicado en 1959 con el título de Ramona, la mujer de la brasa)
-El barrio Cothnejo-Fishy, seis relatos, 1923
-Siluetas de la maternal, cuadros, 1929
-Bananos y hombres, relato 1933
-El grano de oro y el peón, ensayo, 1933
-Obras completas, 1972
-La cucarachita mandinga, 1976
-Relatos escogidos, Editorial Costa Rica, San José, 1977
-Los otros cuentos de Carmen Lyra, Editorial Costa Rica, San José, 1985
-Narrativa de Carmen Lyra, antología de 18 relatos publicados en diarios y revistas entre 1911 y 1936; Editorial Costa Rica, San José, 2011
Libretos
Para el compositor Julio Fonseca escribió Caperucita encarnada, libreto para una ópera infantil en un acto.
Legacy
Legacy
She died in 1949 in Mexico in exile.
She was an active educator for social rights and the Costa Rican people and her legacy lies in the democratic social state we enjoy today.
Her body lies in the San José workers cemetery.
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