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The indoor environment also affects the spread of airborne diseases. The indoor ventilation, use of air conditioning and humidity all affect the rate of spread of infectious airborne pathogens.Inadequate ventilation has been implicated in the airborne transmission of several respiratory viruses.Poor or inadequate ventilation has been implicated in several airborne infections such as Legionella pneumophila. Poor maintenance of air conditioning systems can lead to water stagnation and spread of aerosolized particles.When patients are seen in the emergency room or admitted to the hospital, it is impossible to know immediately if there have an airborne infection. [12][13] Hence, healthcare workers need to maintain a high degree of suspicion in patients who present with signs and symptoms that are compatible with an airborne infection. The earlier the airborne prevention methods are implemented, the lower the risk to other patients and staff.[11][14]This is a single patient room equipped with special air handling (negative pressure) and ventilation capacity. The negative pressure room is also known as an Airborne Isolation Room. This negative pressure room is usually a single-occupancy patient-care room frequently used to isolated individuals with confirmed or suspected airborne infection.Only healthcare providers immunized to the organism in question should enter a room where airborne precautions are in place for varicella or measles or varicella. A respirator is not necessary for immunized individuals but is required for non-immunized workers who provide care.The negative pressure room should have dedicated personal hygiene facilities including a toilet and bathing facilities.One should also have a point of care evaluation for every patient interaction so that one can determine the need for additional precautions.What is an Anteroom? [16][8]This is relatively clean and is a frequently used area to transition patients/healthcare workers in and out of the airborne isolation room when it is under negative pressure. An anteroom is frequently used as a transitional space between the airborne isolation room and the hallway. It is in this transition area where healthcare workers store their PPE and put on their PPE before entering the airborne isolation room.The laundry hamper is usually located inside the patient room.The sink is usually in the anteroom location.The only items that are stored in the anteroom are the procedure or surgical masks, N95 respirator, eye protection devices, gloves, and gowns.At the hand washing sink, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer and disinfectant wipes should be available.Posters showing how to perform hand washing must be placed at the sink.All healthcare workers who enter the negative pressure room should wear an appropriately fit-tested N95 respirator. The N95 Respirators is individually fitted and can filter particles one micron in size. Studies show that the mask has a 95% filter efficiency and provides a tight facial seal with less than a 10% leak.To avoid self-contamination after use, remove the respirator using the straps. Avoid touching any part the part which may have microorganisms on it.Patient Movements In hospitals, patients admitted to the negative room often have to be transported to other departments like radiology, physical therapy, the pulmonary laboratory or even another hospital. Before sending a patient with an airborne infection, one must always communicate with the relevant department first. This communication should include the following:Other than transporting the patient to another department, unless it is medically necessary, the patient should be restricted to his or her room.During transport, the patient should wear a surgical mask There may be situations when during the transport the patient may not be able to wear a mask. In such scenarios, the transport should be performed in a way to limit the exposure to other patients or staff. This means the transport staff should not wait in the reception area or leave the patient in a holding area.The patient should preferably be transported in an empty elevator, and the personnel that is transporting the patient should be told to maintain infectious disease precautions throughout the transportation.