Projects

 Pure Wallet Project

This work proposes an electronic payment architecture named Pure Wallet (PW), which extends the concept of Blockchain cryptocurrency for offline transactions. The process is divided into three steps. The first step requires the use of Internet connection, to convert cryptocurrency into a token at the token manager. The token manager initiates a transaction that requires the information in the token to complete. In the second step the offline transactions is performed between electronic devices like mobile phones through a secure Bluetooth connection using the token in senders device. The financial value in the form of a token is encrypted by the sender and sent to the receiver’s device via Bluetooth. In the third step, the receiver converts the received token into cryptocurrency in the presence of Internet connection by sending the information required to complete the transaction to the token manager. The goal is to propose an electronic payment architecture utilizing Blockchain, which will enable financial transactions without instant connection to the Internet. The Blockchain implementation in this work utilizes smart contract in Ethereum Blockchain. The result shows a successful transfer of value without an instant Internet connection.

Article related to this project is published in ICT Express journal

Beta version of this application can be tested here

Winex Project

This project Focus on the development of a platform that creates NFTs that represent fine wines in the physical world. The Winex platform mints and trades these NFT wines. When the NFT version of the wine is bought, the buyer can request to receive the physical wine or can resell it at their own time to the highest bidder. The Winex platform is one of the earliest projects to link digital and Physical assets as NFTs.

Click here to visit the Winex platform

Smart Auto Mining

This work proposes smart auto mining (SAM) for resource-efficient mining in a blockchain network. The SAM algorithm stops the miners when there is zero pending transactions and starts the miner when there is at least one transaction sent into the network. The miner listens to the network to identify when a transaction has been made by a node. The model does not need any instruction to start mining when there is a pending transaction. The results show that a private Ethereum network produced over 300% more blocks in a 12-h period with 599,950 transactions compared to when SAM is applied. The proposed algorithm is also able to reduce the storage used by the chaindata by 14%. The overhead of mining is decreased by reducing the production of empty blocks in the network which saves energy, storage space, network bandwidth, and computational complexity. The solution from this network is focused on newly deployed blockchain network especially Layer 2 network and private networks.

Article related to this project is published in IET communications Journal.

The demonstration video of this work can be viewed below.

DIGIChain: Medical Record Management System Based on Blockchain

This project is aimed at implementing a health data management system based on blockchain technology.  It proposed a patient-centric blockchain-based medical record system (DIGIChain) that empowers patients with full access to control over their medical records. The DIGIChain framework also allows other healthcare entities to benefit from the medical data.  The model considered the roles of patients, hospitals, labs, the government, insurance companies and other stakeholders in the medical field during its design. The medical certificates are NFTs that are verifiable on the blockchain network. The system implementation was carried out using smart contracts on the Ethereum Georli testnet.  DIGIChain offers a promising solution to the challenges facing the healthcare industry, providing a viable, secure, transparent, and decentralized network for managing medical records.

Saviour Multi-Hashing (SMuHa): A Quantum Resistant Security Algorithm for Offline Transactions

This work proposes a zero-knowledge proof security model called Saviour Multi-Hashing (SMuHa) algorithm to enhance the security of offline transactions. In this model, three hashes are generated: the first hash is for offline value, the second hash is for the verification of the first hash, and the third hash is for the validation of the first hash. These three hashes are generated during the online connection. The first and second hash are available only to the sender of the transaction, and the third hash is made publicly available for anyone to download. During a transaction, the second hash is sent to the receiver to verify the validity of the first hash by providing only the value and worth of the second hash, hence zero-knowledge proof. Then the first hash is sent as the main valuable transaction afterwards. The SMuHa model is applied to the offline transaction model proposed in [1] to demonstrate its efficacy to secure offline transactions. The result of the SMuHa model and PW shows a 100% success rate of identifying the validity of an offline token. The SMuHa algorithm executes successfully on light devices and has a verification time of 1 ms when there are 5 million transactions in the network while maintaining quantum resistance. However, the storage requirement of the SMuHa model is high when the total number of transactions in the network is large. Hence, we proposed Optimized Saviour Multi-Hashing (O-SMuHa) to reduce the storage requirement without reducing the security of the offline token. This work focuses on blockchain as the demonstration target system, however, it can also be applied in offline transactions for centralized networks.

Pure Voting (PV): An Offline Voting Algorithm

This work proposes the use of blockchain for offline voting. Using the Smart contract feature of the Ethereum blockchain network. The voter’s registration is made. An offline token is generated which is used for offline voting. The offline token and the voting information are sent to the vote counters Smart contact. This is where the votes are counted and results extracted. However, if a voter can share the cast vote with another voter, and they will send the new token to the vote counter. In a situation a vote is submitted by multiple voters, the counter has the ability to identify and count such votes only once. 

NSL-L2: A Layer 2 Blockchain Solution Project

This project is aimed to create a blockchain layer 2 solution that offers low latency and energy-efficient blockchain network using Etheruem as the underlying layer 1 network. NSL-L2 makes use of Zk-Rollups technology together with two core technologies developed by NSL: Smart Auto Mining (SAM + ) and Proof of Authority Square, PoA2. SAM + technology optimizes transaction mining via an on-and-off algorithm which significantly reduces the energy required to power the network. P oA2 is a novel consensus algorithm that ensures uninterrupted network operation even in the event of miner downtime. Thus NSL-L2 does not only enhance blockchain scalability but also significantly reduces the gas cost for blockchain operations. NSL-L2 is broken up into four major components: the Server/Sequencer, Aggregator and prover, consensus contract and the bridge. The zkNode (zero-knowledge) is the software needed to run any zkEVM node. It is made up of the server, aggregator and consensus algorithm. The zkNode architecture is modular in nature. It is a client that the network requires to implement Synchronization and govern the roles of the participants (Server/Sequencers or Aggregators) in NSL-L2 zkEVM [10, 11]. Participants decide to participate in the network either as a node to manage the state of the network or to process and batch transactions in any of the two roles: Server(Sequencer) or Aggregator and Prover

This Project is still under development.