Embedded Files
Key Points:
While creating a Learning Dialog (LeD) for a chunk, keep the video short (< 10 min).
Include Reflection Spots (in-video activity), to retain student engagement.
Choose format of LeD according to the type of content.
What is an LeD?
A Learning Dialog (LeD) promotes concept acquisition through learner interaction. Each LeD consists of a short video providing conceptual knowledge, with explicit Reflection Spots for the learner to express prior conceptions or perform micro-practice.
Watch the LeD titled "What is an LeD?" from 0:37 mins to 6:23 mins - Click Here.
What is a Reflection Spot?
A Reflection Spot is a point where the video pauses and the instructor poses a question or gives a brief activity. The learner is expected to respond to the question or activity. The instructor concludes the LeD by addressing commonly expected responses.
Why Reflection Spot?
There is evidence to show that even short videos are not watched fully. Including a Reflection Spot serves two purposes: (i) It breaks the monotony of the video and engages the learner, and (ii) It provides an opportunity for the learner to express their idea or recall/apply the key points of the video.
There is evidence to show that LeDs are effective for student engagement and learning.
Watch the LeD titled "Introducing Reflection Spot" from 0:23 mins to 5:47 mins - Click Here.
Deciding format of LeD
Watch the LeD titled "Making your own LeD" from 0:23 mins to 5:51 mins or Click Here.
The types of videos discussed in the LeD need not be mutually exclusive. Some part of an LeD may be of one type while another part of the LeD is of another type. The types may occur one after another or together as Picture-in-Picture. Broadly, LeDs can be of the following types:
Talking Head
This is a person talking without any other content shown on the screen, for most of the time. This gives the student a feeling of making eye contact with the instructor. These are useful when instructor wants to emphasize some point using gestures and expressions, such as when motivating students towards a topic.
Slidecast
This is a PPT/PDF presentation converted to a video with a voice-over. This allows students to follow the lesson while they hear the instructor narrating about the content. To focus attention on the appropriate part of the slide, the instructor may use a pointer or annotate the slide during the narration.
Screencast
This is a screen capture of some software being used, with a voice-over. This is useful when the instructor wants demonstrate actions to be performed while using the software.
Picture-in-Picture
This is a combination of multiple types, such as a Talking Head shown in one corner of a Slidecast. This is useful when the instructor wants eye contact with the student while emphasizing some text in the slide simultaneously.
Table Top
This is a screen capture of freehand writing on a tablet (or a video of writing on paper). It is the equivalent of working with a board in a classroom. This is useful for step-by-step demonstration of a process/procedure or for working out problems/derivations.
Video Demonstration
This is a real-life video, such as some equipment being used or a process being carried out. This is useful for showing what actually happens in-situ.
Diving Deeper into LeD
Use this LeD constructor to plan and create your own LeDs. Link: https://lcm-model.org/constructors/
Watch the "Do's and Don'ts" videos below.
Summary of creating an LeD
Follow a two-stage process
Chunk the lecture into LeDs
Insert Reflection Spots into each LeD
Watch the video "LeD Takeaway" from 0:16 - 1:16 mins - Click Here.
Technology Tools
For Creating
OBS Studio: (Win, Mac, Linux) OBS or Open Broadcaster Software (Free Open Source Software) is available for windows, mac and linux. Its primary purpose is to allow people to broadcast themselves on a number of platforms including YouTube and facebook. Although it can be used to record videos also. OBS allows you to present a lot of things simultaneously. You can present your computer screen with your video. You can present multiple screens and/or multiple cameras at the same time. This software is a free and open source. [Download Link] [Getting Started]
QuickTime (Mac): Quicktime comes as default for all mac users and allows recording the screen and from the facetime cam (webcam) of the mac. Once videos have been recorded they can be combined and edited using i Movies another pre-installed application on MAc. [Getting Started]
Flashback Express: (Win) Flashback express is a free softwares that allows free foem screen capture, allows recoring from webcam, audio via mic or external microphones. It does not leave any watermarks not is there any restrictions on screen recording time. The Flashback Pro is the paid version of the software that has an editor inbuilt. The free express version should suffice for any screen recording needs. [Downlaod Link] [Getting Started]
Record my DesktopKazam: (Linux) Record entire screen, part of screen, application window or all screens (for multi-monitor setup), takes screenshots, has keyboard shortcut support for easily pausing and resuming while recording screen, allows recording in various file formats such as MP4, AVI and more. Allows to capture audio from speaker or microphone while recording the screen, Captures mouse clicks and key presses, Captures video from webcam. It also allows inserting a webcam window on the side and even allows to broadcast to YouTube live video. [Download Instructions] [Getting Started]Screencastify: (ChromePlugin) Google chrome browser based addon that allows users to record screen and the webcam simultaneously. The free version comes with a few limitations like merging clips etc that could be done on any of the video editing softwares listed below. [Download Link] [Getting Started]
Camtasia Studio: (Win, Mac) Camtasia Studio is a paid software that primarily is used for recording the screen and your camera. It comes with a video editing tool. It has a free limited trial version. [Download Link] [Getting Started]
Using Video Conferencing Software: Video conferencing softwares like zoom can be used to record screens and webcam simultaneously. Start a meeting with only you as the participant and record the meeting. This is a good way of recording live interactions.
For Editing
Audio Only
Audacity: (Win, Mac, Linux) Is a FOS Software a complete solution to audio recording and editing. This solution is easy to start with but can do the most complex of the audio editing tasks as well. You can use it to record and improve the quality of audio. If you are running a podcast for your students, use audacity to record, edit, improve quality and export audio in sharable file formats like .mp3, .wav etc. If you have recorded a video and the audio in the video has background noise, you can remove that background noise with audacity easily. [Download Link] [Getting Started]
Video (Including audio)
OpenShot: (Win, Mac, Linux) Free open source software for simple linear video editing. [Download Link] [Getting Started]
ShotCut: (Win, Mac, Linux) Free open source software for an advanced linear video editing. This wide format support, extensive audio support, video effects, wide range of editing tools is codec indipendent, and supports multi display perview and editing. [Download Link] [Getting Started]
DaVinci Resolve: (Win, Mac, Linux) A professional video processing and editing software with a free to use license. It addresses all video processing and editing needs and is even used film production. This has a slight learning curve for all its features and is computation intensive. [Download Link] [Getting Started]
For Adding Interactivity
H5P: You can use H5P to add reflection spots in your LeDs. If you are using Moodle or using other content management systems such as Drupal or WordPress, you need to install this plugin. If you do not use Moodle, Drupal or WordPress, you can create an account on h5p and then you can embed it into your course platform. This is how to use H5P. [Creating interactive video with h5p]
Examples - Creating a screencast using OBS
How-to's from BodhiTree
Following is a set of playlists from BodhiTree, IIT Bombay which talk about creating videos on different operating systems.
This youtube playlist from Bodhi Tree IIT Bombay provides videos on installing the essential tools on Windows and Linux.
This youtube playlist from Bodhi Tree IIT Bombay provides videos on recording video using the tools installed.
This youtube playlist from Bodhi Tree IIT Bombay provides videos on editing videos.
Recommendations for choosing technology
Which of the following is likely to be your approach:
I want to stay at the basic level of online teaching.
I am willing to put in some effort for editing my videos.
I want to make good interactive videos.
I am willing to invest the time and resources to make videos like professional MOOCs.
Based on your selection above refer to the following table for tool recommendations :-
More information
The videos in the "Technology Tools Examples" section above are used with permission from ETMantra, a company started by Dr. Yogendra Pal, a PhD alumnus of Educational Technology at IIT Bombay. For more resources on creating different types of LeD's visit the website https://etmantra.com or the youtube channel.
The playlists in the "How-To's from BodhiTree" section above are used with permission from BodhiTree, a platform created by Prof. Kameswari Chebrolu, a faculty member in the Dept of Computer Science and Engg at IIT Bombay. For more resources from BodhiTree, visit the website https://bodhitree.cse.iitb.ac.in/
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