Climate Change - Temperature Changes 

The temperature change dataset for the world provides options to analyze particular time periods such as seasons, months, or years, as well as specific factors like countries, continents, or the entire world. The questions that we'll be addressing in this section are as follows:

1) How do global climate changes differ from the seasonal changes of spring, summer, autumn, and winter?

2) How does global climate change vary throughout the 12 months of the year?

3) What has been the climate change trend for each country from 1961 to 2019?

Global climatic changes differing based on four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter

Between 1961 and 1980, temperature fluctuations ranged from -0.5°C to +0.5°C. However, since the 1980s, there has been a consistent increase in the average world temperature across all seasons, although with varying trends.

Winter has the highest fluctuations in average temperature change and the highest temperature peak, which reached +2.165°C in 2016. Spring follows closely with an average temperature change of +1.999°C in 2016, then fall with +1.509°C in 2015, and finally summer with +1.359°C in 2016. These observations suggest that the cooler seasons are more susceptible to the impact of global warming.

Global climate change varying throughout the 12 months of the year

The "polar chart" provides a more detailed view of the temperature variations across the 12 months of the year, building upon the information presented in the first chart. The 12 vertices of the polygon indicate the temperature variations of each month, with greater distances from the center indicating greater temperature changes.

By activating the animation or selecting different years, it becomes evident that the polygon vertices steadily move away from the center after 1980, which is consistent with the findings from the previous chart. By combining the insights from both charts, we can observe that:

1) December was the hottest autumn month in 2015.

2) In 2016, February, March, and August were the warmest winter, spring, and summer months respectively.

The climate change trend for each country from 1961 to 2019

The final chart displays the average temperature changes across all countries in the dataset from 1961 to 2019. The globe-style animated graph enables us to see the evolution of temperature changes on a continental and global scale.

This graph reveals the crucial and alarming fact that since the 2000s, many regions, including some of the most sensitive ones, have experienced significant temperature variations within a few years. For instance:

1) In Greenland, the average temperature change was +0.52°C in 1999, but it increased to +2.3°C in 2003, which is more than four times higher.

2) From 2000 onwards, average temperature changes below -0.5°C were no longer recorded in Antarctica.

Furthermore, it is noteworthy that temperature increases were evident in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres and across equatorial regions, indicating a global phenomenon.