Ch - 1. Categories of Computers and Computer Languages
EXERCISE
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Vacuum tube technology was used in the computers of _________ generation.
Ans. - first
2. A single IC has many __________,__________ and __________.
Ans. - tansistors, registors and capacitors
3. Artificial ___________ is an emerging branch in computer science.
Ans. - intelligence
4. __________ and smartphones are similar in nature and operate on a touchscreen basis.
Ans. - Tablets
5. __________ stands for Formula Translation.
Ans. - FORTRAN
6. Turtle and graphics are used in __________.
Ans. - LOGO
B. Answer these questions. :
Question 1 :
In which generation of computers were transistors used?
Answer :
The period of second generations was 1959-1965.In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size.
Question 2
What is a microcomputer?Give some examples of microcompuers.
Answer :
Any type of computer or device that has a microprocessor chip is a microcomputer.There are many different types of microcomputers, such as personal computers, tablet computers, smartphones and servers.
Question 3
For what purpose is a workstation computer used?
Answer
Workstation is a computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development, and other such types of applications which require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities.
Question 4
What is a machine code?
Answer
Machine code or machine language is a set of instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit(CPU).Each instruction performs a very specific task, such as load, a jump, or an ALU operation on a unit of data in a CPU register or memory.
Question 5
Write some advantages of low level languages.
Answer
Advantages of low level languges :-
1. Low level language allow for close control of the CPU.
2. Drivers are coded in assembly language.
3. They can be very efficient.
4. Run very quickly compard to the other programming models,
Question 6
Definre high level language. Write its advantages.
Answer
High level language is a language which a user finds convenient to instruct a computer. Machine language paved way of interaction between man and computer. In these languages, instructions are specified as simple English language phrases.
Various advantages of High Level Languages are :
1. Simple commands in English language
2. No knowledge of Hardwareand Binary Arithmetic required
3. Progames written are not dependent and restricted to that machine only.
Question 7
What is interpreter?
Answer
The interpreter is a Language processor that converts the source code into machine language line by line.
Question 8
Write the names of some high level languages.
Answer
Some of the high level languages are :-
1. BASIC
2. COBOL
3. PASCAL
4. FORTRAN
5. LOGO
6. C
7.C++
8. JAVA
C. Choose the correct option.
1. The computers of first generation used
(a) ICs
(b) Vacuum tubes
(c) Transistors
(d) None of these
Ans : (b) Vacuum tubes
2. A single IC has many
(a) transistors
(b) resistors
(c) capacitors
(d) all of these
Ans : (d) all of these
3. ENIAC computer belonged to
(a) First generation
(b) Second generation
(c) Third generation
(d) Fourth generation
Ans : (a) First generation
4. VLSI circuits were used in the computers of
(a) First generation
(b) Second generation
(c) Third generation
(d) Fourth generation
Ans : (d) Fourth generation
5. This is a high level language
(a) Java
(b) C
(c) C++
(d) all of these
Ans : (d) all of these
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1. Vacuum tubes used in the computers of first generation produced a lot of heat
Ans : True
2. In second generation computers, magnetic cores were used as primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices.
Ans : True
3. VLSI circuits have about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements.
Ans : True
4. Fifth generation technology is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software
Ans : True
5. Artificial Intelligence includes robotics and neural networks
Ans : True
6. Assembly language makes use of mnemonic codes
Ans : True
- by Jatin Dewangan