This project involved the design and CST simulation of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna operating at 6 GHz using Rogers RO4003C substrate. Four feeding techniques (coaxial probe, inset microstrip, proximity coupled, and gap coupled) were implemented and compared in terms of impedance matching, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and directivity. 

Objectives

• Design a 6 GHz rectangular microstrip patch antenna with 50 Ω input impedance.

• Implement and compare four feeding techniques: coaxial probe, inset microstrip, proximity coupled, and gap coupled.

• Evaluate impedance matching, bandwidth, efficiency, and radiation characteristics.

• Optimize antenna dimensions and feeding structures using CST Microwave Studio.

• Identify the most suitable feeding method based on performance metrics.

Outcomes & Contributions

• Designed and optimized four microstrip patch antenna configurations operating at 6 GHz.

• Achieved the best matching with the coaxial probe feed (S11 ≈ −18 dB).

• Obtained the widest bandwidth using the proximity-coupled feed (5.79–6.15 GHz).

• Achieved radiation efficiencies ranging from 75.1% to 92.7% across different feed methods.

• Obtained broadside radiation patterns with directivities between 6.6 and 7.24 dBi.

• Performed comparative analysis to evaluate the trade-offs among feed techniques.

Technical Details & Skills

• Feed Techniques: Coaxial Probe, Inset Microstrip, Proximity Coupled, Gap Coupled

• Substrate: Rogers RO4003C (εr = 3.55, h = 1.524 mm)

• Tools: CST Studio Suite

• Skills: Microstrip antenna design, impedance matching, feed optimization, S-parameter analysis, radiation pattern analysis, antenna efficiency evaluation

• Field: RF Engineering, Microwave Engineering, Wireless Communications, Electromagnetics