Hussein_A_M.Engineering

HUMAN POWERED WATERCRAFT

THE PROJECT IS Done By a TEAM of Four

Water based vehicles are a popular choice among tourists, thrill seekers and those who are looking for a good workout. This report aims to outline the design, analysis and implementation of a human powered hydrofoil based watercraft, the boat will be powered by a single human (male / female) using their legs as the main source of power. This watercraft can reach maximum speeds of up to 22 km/h with maximum power output, it is designed to have minimal hull drag, with a maximum allowable payload of 106kg. The objective is to design a vehicle that can be safe, last 10 years with normal operating conditions in sea/freshwater environments and must be portable and light enough for a single rider to carry it in and out of the water. The boat is solely designed to be used in water environments, and will not function on land as an “amphibious” vehicle, the project aims to target these needs by extensive research, analysis and bench marking methods coupled with engineering knowledge that span several different fields such as materials, kinematics & dynamics, fluids and more.

The human powered hydrofoil designed for the client utilizes the catamaran layout with two identically, symmetrical hulls to enhance stability, & drag the shape, material and structure of the hull was carefully analyzed and determined. The rider will be located at the center of gravity of the system, this is done intentionally due to the majority of the weight being felt on the system coming from the rider operating the craft. To enhance the stability and weight distribution of the watercraft the layout of the hydrofoils was carefully chosen and analyzed by the engineers and this group, the optimal layout for the hydrofoils was chosen for the design based on the position of the rider and the weight associated with the system. The weight of the boat without the presence of a rider was carefully chosen so that both males and females could easily lift the boat out of the water and transport it to a car. The design of the hydrofoil boat allows for the hull to lift out of the water thus allowing the boat to “fly” in the fluid, this proved to enhance the maximum speed achievable by the rider, but required the analysis of a lift off velocity. The provided chain drive system selected, position of the rider/proximity to the pedals, propeller and streamlined shape of the hydrofoils provided the necessary tools to achieve the needs of the client.

The propeller is powered by a four sprocket, two chain type drive, having the main chain drive from the pedals in the horizontal position while the second chain drive in the vertical position proved to be the most effective method in transmitting power from rider to propeller. Furthermore, the power drive must be safe from the elements (salt/freshwater), the solution to this problem called for installing the second chain drive inside the strut of the back hydrofoil enabling the chains and sprockets to be sealed from the water. Therefore having the chosen layout of the chain system proved to be beneficial in the implementation of this solution. The sprocket ratios chosen are done to enhance the power output with little effort/energy exhausted from the rider, allowing the client to spend more time on the water, the two blade selection of the propeller also plays a role in helping the output power, in such a way that a two blade propeller is lighter, than a three or even four blade propeller.

General Customer Needs List

Use Human Power as main source of Power

Mechanically driven

Carry one person

Portable by one person

Ease of storage (on and off vehicle)

Stable and Safe Design

Demonstrating appropriate speed

The vehicle needs to move forward and backwards

Resist UV radiation, excessive cold or warmth

Operate for duration of a typical entertainment/exercise

Resist impact with the dock without damage

Functional in multiple environments (sea, river)

Best required performance at the lowest cost

Retain maneuverability

●Need Statement:

Design a single person boat that is powered by legs or arms that utilizes both mechanical and human power for entertainment and or exercise.

●Goal Statement:

The main goal is to successfully create a stable and safe watercraft system that satisﬁes design requirements

Objective

●Performance

○Speed: minimum speed of 12 km/hr and speeds of up to 25km/hr

○Duration of Usage: 10 hours per day, 365 days per year for 10 years

○Resist impact with the dock without damage at a speed of 5 km/hr

○Retain maneuverability: needs to move radius turns not larger than 6m

●Safety: The target stability and safety factor for a critical component is 1.8

●Portability: Should be portable by one person and easily storable on the vehicle. Truck beds widths ranging between 1m & 1.3m and length 3.5m & 4m

●Reliability: The components should be resistant to corrosion and UV radiation

●Cost: The project should be inexpensive, a limit of 3,000$ for the design, manufacturing and implementation of the watercraft vehicle

CONCEPT SELECTION

According to analysis of the benchmarking results and comparison, it was decided by the group members to select the human hydrofoil boat for the project which will be the optimal design that meets the clients needs. This step of the process is to select and merge the subsystems explained in concept generation after the main concept selection of the hydrofoil boat. The team improved and merged the ideas from concept generation that made them more feasible and creative. This step is basic in guaranteeing each thought was doable inside the scope of this project.

Foil Arrangement Selection

The design chosen utilizes the arrangement of submerged hydrofoils in order to create lift which in turn reduces the drag and increases speed of our vehicle. Likewise, fully submerged hydrofoils are not prone to air entering the cavities of the foil which would cause stalling. Partially submerged hydrofoils are dominantly used on craft that require the use of “hydroplaning” on the surface of the water. These foils are not effective in creating lift, however the speed achieved on partially submerged foils wouldn’t differ all that much than the fully submerged wings, as mentioned above these hydrofoil configurations are more likely to “inhale” air into the crevasses. The selection of the hydrofoil configuration highly depends on the function of the front foils, the type of boat to design and the weight distribution of the craft. Human Powered Hydrofoils require the design to be as light as possible to ensure efficient lift, the majority of these boats require the installation of an outboard motor (or power transmission mechanism) therefore the canard layout would be the most optimal. While performing a preliminary assessment of the system it was determined that the CANARD configuration was to be used, this configuration matches the most with how the system will operate and how the majority of the weight will be located at the aft of the seating arrangement. The seating arrangement also plays a role in determining the optimal placement of the system.As a preliminary selection the human powered vehicle designed will use the configuration of canard. It will be validated after the full weight distribution of the system has been performed after could we get a concrete answer to which layout is the best.

Human Power Selection

A hierarchical weighting factors concept is used to select the best Human Power option. This system was chosen because it has a higher total and throughout good advantages history. Therefore a hydrofoil pedal system has been generated in this design

Hull Selection

The selection of hull type is the starting point for various calculations and analysis of hydro static stability and hydrodynamic behavior. For a refresher regarding mono-hull and dual hull, in order to meet the design requirements mono-hull design was eliminated due to some concern. The primary concern is the boat stability which is checked by the righting lever and its entrancement height. Double hulls have high transverse stability because of higher maximum righting levers which are proportional to the largest static heeling moment that is required to bring the ship back to its upright position. The maximum righting lever gives the value of the maximum heeling moment that the ship can sustain without capsizing. The displacement length ratio is lowered for each hull then the mono hull that has been shown in buoyancy analysis done below for both hull types, and the hulls may be designed for minimize resistance at high speed with no regard to stability of each. the safety of the rider and the equipment on the watercraft. The double hull design offers more space for propulsion systems without causing any mentioned problems. The design chosen was the double hull catamaran since it showed better overall stability and drag. The analysis is done on catamaran and then it will further be evaluated.

CONCLUSION

Through extensive information gathering and research the needs of the client were met with the design of the human powered hydrofoil, it was required by the engineers working on M.P.H.H Canard to analyze, design and implement a watercraft that is safe and cost effective. The preliminary phase of the project required the team to compare different ideas and choose the best suited one for the clients and their needs. Some of the ideas that were first introduced and then disregarded were fan powered boats, monohull boats and dual hull boats. After the selection of the dual hull watercraft, an obstacle was faced in the need to meet the speed requirement therefore the implementation of the hydrofoil system was utilized and the team was then split into two teams; one team designated for the hydrofoil system and the other for when the craft is hydrostatic. M.P.H.H Canard is a human powered hydrofoil water based vehicle that can reach speeds of up to 22km/h at maximum speed, turn within a 6m radius, is safe from corrosion and UV rays and will withstand collisions by a 30cm dock at minimal speeds. The client will find that the watercraft is sophisticated and fun to operate furthermore, there will be no issue towards carrying the boat from the water to a vehicle as the total weight of the craft is well below the 50lb weight limit, the craft can also be easily disassembled and reassembled for any maintenance issues. The double chain drive system allows for optimal power output from the rider to the propeller, taking in consideration the seating arrangement of 120° it was determined to be the best arrangement for the rider to deliver such power. M.P.H.H Canard met all the needs of the client through research, trial and error, group discussions and careful analysis. The objective of the project regarding the team members in question was deemed successful and a follow up section explaining the problems encountered during the design phase of each member will be outlined followed by their respective opinions on how to overcome such obstacles in the future.

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