‘an old black ram, is tupping your white ewe!’
Othello (1:1:87)
The play begins in Venice with Roderigo a nobleman and Iago arguing in the middle of a street. To help Iago obtain Desdemona's hand in marriage, Roderigo has given him a significant amount of money. However, he recently found out that Othello, the Moorish (North African) commander that Iago serves, and Desdemona have eloped. Iago reassures Roderigo that he despises Othello and tells him that Othello recently rejected his candidature for lieutenant, even though he was Othello's ancient and had the endorsements of three influential Venetians. Rather of promoting someone who, in Iago's opinion is only a theoretical military theory with no experience commanding or fighting soldiers, Othello chose to elevate Michael Cassio. Iago uses Roderigo as a tool to incite Desdemona's family to turn against Othello, collectively they trick Brabanito, Desdemona's father into thinking she has been kidnapped. Brabanito becomes infuriated with Iago's harsh comments regarding Othello and Desdemona's intimacy, which prompts him to look for his daughter. Iago leaves Roderigo to serve Othello once his plan is put into action, which infuriates Brabanito and makes him want to revenge.
Iago notifies Othello of Roderigo's derogatory remarks at the inn and alerts him about Brabanito's plan to compel a divorce. Unfazed, Othello demands to face the oncoming group directly, reaffirming his innocence and love for Desdemona. Othello maintains his composure and advises both sides to be ready for battle when Brabanito and his soldiers show up. When he discloses that the Duke has summoned him, Brabanito comes to join him in bringing his grievance before the Duke.
After talking about the Turkish danger to Cyprus, the Duke and his senators are interrupted by news that the Turks have redirected their soldiers to Rhodes and are now preparing to return to Cyprus with a larger force. During all of this, Brabanito accuses Othello of enticing his daughter Desdemona. The Duke gives Othello the chance to defend himself, despite his initial dominance. By narrating how Desdemona was enthralled by his life story, Othello rejects the theory of using magic to woo Desdemona. Following in the footsteps of her mother, Desdemona declares her intention of marrying Othello and places her husbands loyalty above her fathers. Desdemona refuses to stay with her father despite suggestions that she should do so, instead she goes with Othello to Cyprus to help him fight. Iago comforts Roderigo who is upset at losing Desdemona, and urges him to travel with them to Cyprus. Iago takes advantage of the situation and creates a plan to influence Othello by fabricating a love triangle between Desdemona and Cassio.
'Reputation, reputation, reputation!
O, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial'
Othello (2:3:242-244).
Along with two friends, Governor Montano watches a storm off the shore of Cyprus. Arriving from Venice, Cassio affirms that the Turkish navy was destroyed. Until a ship is spotted, Othello's fate is still unknown; however it turns out to be Iago. Desdemona and Cassio have a secret conversation about Othello's absence as Iago schemes to have Cassio accused of wrongdoing. After reaching safely, Othello welcomes Desdemona and gives Iago the command to empty the ship, expect for Roderigo and Iago, everyone goes to the castle. Iago deceives Rodergio into believing Cassio has bad intentions towards Desdemona. Iago expresses his desire for revenge against Othello and his love for Desdemona in a soliloquy. He intends to make Othello insane by using Roderigo's charge against Cassio. Othello's intentions for a celebration of his marriage to Desdemona and the safety of Cyprus are announced by a herald.
Cassio is assigned guard duty by Othello, during the celebrations whom warns him to stay sober. While he is with Cassio, Iago quietly plants doubts about Desdemona's loyalty. Iago talks Cassio into drinking and invites others in spite of his resistance. Iago reveals his scheme to bring Cassio to shame due to his intoxication. A fight breaks out between Cassio and Montano due to his intoxication. Othello steps in amid the confusion, asking for clarification; Iago manipulates the circumstances to minimise his own involvement and place the responsibility on Cassio. Othello, fires Cassio from his position. Othello attends to Montano's wounds while Desdemona becomes aware of the commotion. Iago counsels Cassio to ask Desdemona to reinstate Othello. When left on his own, Iago enjoys using his sly strategies and is sure he can take advantage of Othello's confidence. When Roderigo confronts Iago, he assures him that their plan will work. Iago plans his next steps, which include creating circumstances to further damage Cassio's reputation in Othello's eyes and coercing Emilia into supporting Cassio.
'I am glad I have found this napkin,
This was her first remembrance from the Moor.
My wayward husband hath a hundred times
Wooed me to steal it, but she so loves the token
That she reserves it evermore about her
To kiss and to talk to.'
Othello (3:4:158)
Act three is a pivotal scene characterised by growing manipulation and jealously between characters. Cassio asks Desdemona for assistance in an attempt to win back favour after losing his job. Iago in the meantime, starts planting doubts in Othello’s mind by hinting to Cassio and Desdemona’s affair. By making up tales and fabricating proof, like as Desdemona’s missing handkerchief Iago feeds Othello’s jealously. Othello confronts Desdemona and demands evidence of her faithfulness as his misgivings intensify. Another element of jealously is added in the act when Bianca, Cassio’s lover, is introduced. Act three is laying the groundwork for the fatal events that transpire later.
'Fetch me the handkerchief. My mind misgives'
Othello (3.4.85)
In this Act, Othello jealously grows worse as he starts to believe Desdemona is unfaithful. Her loyalty is solid, yet he accuses her publicly and demands evidence of her innocence. As she begs for Cassio’s reinstatement, Desdemona emphasises her loyalty and purity, not knowing that Othello has doubts. As Emilia unintentionally divulges the truth regarding the handkerchiefs part in Othello’s suspicions, the Willow scene beautifully displays Desdemona’s innocence through her song about betrayal. A scheme to kill Cassio is proposed by Iago, who continues to mislead Othello, and Othello accepts it. As a result, Act four establishes the tragic ending of the play, in which Othello’s jealously reaches a breaking point and permanently ruins his love with Desdemona.
‘Naked in bed, Iago, and not mean harm? It is hypocrisy against against the devil’
Othello (4:1. 89-91)
'Demand me nothing, from this forth I never will speak a word’
Othello (5:2:302-303)
In Othello’s Act five’s terrible climax plays out with growing suspense and hopelessness. When Iago tricks Othello into thinking that Desdemona has cheated on Cassio, it is the height of his betrayal. Othello attacks Desdemona out of jealously and in a fit of rage suffocates her. The scene is set up for a dramatic revelation of the truth when Emilia, Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s attendant, arrives and reveals her husbands betrayal. Othello is overcome with regret and guilt after realising the magnitude of his error. He commits suicide in a tragic last act. Although Iago’s villainy is revealed in the plays conclusion and he is subsequently arrested, the terrible effects of his deception cannot be undone.