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- The term "Arts and crafts" describes a wide variety of activities involving making things with one's own hands. "Arts and crafts" is usually a hobby. Some crafts (art skills) have been practised for centuries, others are more recent inventions.
- The Arts and Crafts movement initially developed in England. Subsequently this style was taken up by American designers, with somewhat different results. In the United States, the Arts and Crafts style was also known as Mission style.
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- A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal or even glass. Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers,or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units, made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood and mineral wool,typically used for wall and ceiling applications.
Traditional Portuguese goldsmithery has a notably religious inspiration and the heart of Viana is no exception. Currently used as a symbol for the city of Viana do Castelo.
Raphael Bordallo Pinheiro will forever be intimately associated with caricature and artistic ceramics, showing quality and important pieces never seen before, and which, in the opinion of renowned modern artists, are the work of a genius. Since an early age he was interested in art, and he even attended the Belas Artes .Nowadays these pieces are quite expensive.
Carpet weaving
Handmade carpets, often made of wool, have traditionally played an important role Moldovan family life, especially during rites and ceremonies. They were woven almost exclusively for household use, adorning walls inside a house and placed on beds and on the floor. They were passed down from one generation to the next, rarely sold.
Traditional carpets expressed a collective artistry and vision, which was gathered over generations. They also served as an indicator of people's social status in years past. In light of their significance in Moldovan culture, in recent years, carpets have drawn the attention of art and ethnography researchers. But this is not a new phenomenon. Moldovan carpets were exhibited in at an international exhibition in Paris in 1867, and then in Krakow, Vienna, and Geneva in different years. After the 1880s, carpets made in Bessarabia were presented in a series of exhibitions in important trade centers of Russia – Harcov (1887), Nijniy-Novgorod (1896), Petersburg (1902, 1913).
Egg Painting
The practice of decorating Easter eggs almost disappeared from Moldovan culture during the Soviet Union when religious expression was suppressed. Traditionally, eggs are decorated with floral and geometric elements. Egg decoration starts by marking the egg with hot wax lines alongside and flatways, to form the ornamental areas. After the wax turns cold, the egg is deepened in colored water and then taken out and dried.
Afterwards, the «writing» of specific motives in yellow starts; the red color follows and the black or another dark color comes in the end. Eventually, the egg is dried by slight warming and the wax lines are wiped off.
However, today the craft has been revived and many Moldovan families paint eggs with their children during the Easter season. The craft is particularly alive and well in the village of Trebujeni, which is part of the Orhei Vechi archeological complex. Here many women and girls know how to paint Easter eggs and they welcome visitors to learn about and experience for themselves this traditional art form. Another locality with a strong tradition in painting Easter eggs is Lalova village in the Rezina district, where visitors can also take part in Easter egg painting. The master class is organized at the rural pension "Hanul lui Hanganu" [link to rural pensions].
The National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History [Link to museum] in Chisinau organizes several exhibitions and workshops each year, where craftswomen demonstrate this craft.
Embroidery
Traditional embroidery is still widely practices in rural Moldova. Many women decorate handmade clothes, curtains, tablecloths, and linens. Some of the most frequent patterns are floral, but designs with rivers, chickens, butterflies, ram horns and the path of the ceoban (an ancient name for herder) are also common.
Moldovan embroidery is distinguished through the colorful themes–zigzag patterns in red, golden, blue and black colors. Some of the most impressive designs can be found on women's blouses. Today traditional hand made blouses are popular in Moldova and local people and tourists can buy them. The artistic level of traditional Moldovan embroidery can be witnessed by visiting the historic-cultural museum in Chisinau, Moldova.
Knitting
In Moldova, knitting is a method of decorating woven items for home use and adornment, clothing, or other fine crafts. It can also be used to make full textile items.
In knitting, a rich variety of loop combinations and technical methods can be used, which result in a diversity of knit models. Knit items represent a treasure of decorative values expressed by the artistic feeling and taste of Moldovan artisans.
This art, which used to be a home occupation for women and later became an artistic craft for some of them, appeared in Moldova very early. Needle knitting appeared at the time reed pleating, textile weaving, and fishing and hunting nets appeared.
In the medieval times, knitting and embroidery were occupations in the monastery workshops in a number of important towns, in manor houses and urban centers.
Pottery
Moldovan ceramics are distinguished by the decorative patterns – straight, curved, spiraled, and angular lines, dots, and circles that are either engraved into the clay or applied on the surface. Various animal, plant, and geometric figures matching the form and function of the objects on which they are placed in such a way that provides uniqueness and originality. Traditional traits can be seen in the form, the colors, ornament, and the technique of ceramics.
The craft is not as wide spread today as it once was, but the traditions are still preserved due to some enthusiastic artisans, such as Vasile Goncear from Hoginesti, Calarasi district.
Art, tradition, inspiration, artistry blended with clay, marble, silver and gold shape objects of exquisite beauty to reserve a remarkable position into the pantheon of the Greek cultural heritage.
Play with clay
The ceramic art (or pottery) has been marking eras and millennia. It has been turning natural material into useful objects of high aesthetics. It has been involving artful hands into creating culture. It has been giving evidence about that culture, as pottery accounts for the most numerous objects of the same category found in any archaeological excavation.
With its inception lost in the prehistoric times, it thrives during the Greek antiquity in an inspired verve of shapes, colours, figures. Storage-jars, amphoras, kraters, jugs, and lekythoses reflect the everyday habits and the traditions of the society that produced them. In the modern era, new morphologic and technical features have been added to making ceramics. Earthenware jars have helped storing the harvest, while pitchers and flasks have contained liquids, and cooking-pots and dishes have been used as tableware. The forms have been rather simple, but the decorative touch– an exclusive task of the craftsmen’ wives- has sealed the crafted items with grace and sensitivity. Ornamental patterns such as stripes, coils, lines, flowers, leaves, fish, birds, and ship lift the humble clay up on a level of sheer folk art.
The more recent days of glory of the Greek ceramic art have been spent in the mainland (Macedonia, Peloponnese, Thrace, Attica) and on several islands (Thasos, Lesvos, Samos, Crete, Skyros, Aegina, Rhodes, Sifnos). The age-old tradition and the inherited knowledge have never ceased to drive the hands, the imagination and the artistry of the clay modellers.
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