Research

Dr. Nygaard has been the research director for the general surgery residency program since 2012. Emily Colonna joined the research team in 2018 as senior research coordinator.

Dr. Nygaard and Emily work closely with each resident to develop a research plan and ease the regulatory process associated with research. Dr. Nygaard's research foci surround frostbite injury, gun violence, health care disparities, and some education research. Emily focuses on ensuring our clinical trials run smoothly and actively participates in national multicenter studies through AAST, EAST, and the global initiative CovidSurg. She also ensures all the residents and faculty are up-to-date on research training and manages all the IRB communications and filings.

Dr. Hill's thoughts on research during residency: I think being involved in research is an important part of surgical residency that can easily get swept to the side with busy schedules and clinical duties. Even for those not going on to academic careers, this type of scientific inquiry and thinking is the cornerstone of most hospitals quality assurance and performance improvement projects. Most administrators will look to clinicians to provide clinical context and expertise. Undertaking a project helps develop those skills, and hopefully enhances our understanding of how to best care for patients.

Recent Publications

Lumbard DC, Lacey AM, Endorf FW, Gayken JR, Fey RM, Schmitz KR, Deisler RF, Calcaterra D, Prekker M, Nygaard RM. Severe hypothermia and frostbite requiring ECMO and four limb amputations. J Burn Care Res. 2020. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 32663261 doi: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa113.

Nygaard RM, Endorf FW. Differences in treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis at Burn Centers and Non-Burn Centers. J Burn Care Res. 2020; Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 32498082. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa082.

COVIDSurg Collaborative. Mortality and Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Surgery with Perioperative SARS-COV-2 Infection: An International Cohort Study. Lancet. 2020; May 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:32479829. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31182-X.

Polites SF, Moody S, Williams RF, Kayton ML, Alberto EC, Burd RS, Schroeppel TJ, Baerg JE, Munoz A, Rothstein WB, Boomer LA, Campion EM, Robinson C, Nygaard RM, Richardson CJ, Garcia DI, Streck CJ, Gaffley M, Petty JK, Greenwell C, Pandya S, Waters AM, Russell RT, Yorkgitis BK, Mull J, Pence J, Santore MT, MacArthur T, Klinkner DB, Safford SD, Trevilian T, Vogel AM, Cunningham M, Black C, Rea J, Spurrier RG, Jensen AR, Farr BJ, Mooney DP, Ketha B, Dassinger MS 3rd, Goldenberg-Sandau A, Roman JS, Jenkins TM, Falcone RA Jr. Timing and volume of crystalloid and blood products in pediatric trauma: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter prospective observational study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;89(1):36-42. PMID: 32251263. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000002702

Petrun BM, Christie R, Nygaard RM, Israni A, Hill MJ, Richardson CJ, Stahler PA. Graft survival of fourth-time renal transplant recipients is similar to third-time recipients: A SRTR database analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 17]. Clin Transplant. 2020;e13884. PMID: 32301524. doi:10.1111/ctr.13884

Holl E, Marek AP, Nygaard RM, Richardson CJ, Hess D. Use of Chest Computed Tomography for Blunt Pediatric Chest Trauma: Does It Change Clinical Course?. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020;36(2):81-86. PMID: 31904738. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000002040

Madans AR, Zera RT, Nygaard RM. The effect of language barriers on variation and receipt of early stage breast cancer treatment. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice. 2019. Vol. 12 : Iss. 3 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/vol12/iss3/5

Cook A, Hu C, Ward J, Schultz S, Moore III FO, Funk G, Juern J, Turay D, Ahmad S, Pieri P, Allen S, Berne J. and for the AAST Antibiotics in Tube Thoracostomy Study Group [Nygaard RM & Richardson CJ]. Presumptive antibiotics in tube thoracostomy for traumatic hemopneumothorax: a prospective, Multicenter American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Study. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open. 2019 Nov 1;4(1) :e000356. PMID:31799417. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000356.

Goerke D, Zolfaghari E, Marek AP, Endorf FW, Nygaard RM. Incidence and profile of cycling injuries after infrastructure changes in Minneapolis. Incidence and Profile of Severe Cycling Injuries After Bikeway Infrastructure Changes. J Community Health. 2020 Jun;45(3):542-549. PMID: 31686373. doi: 10.1007/s10900-019-00773-z.

Nygaard RM, Lacey AM, Heuer E, Berres M, Endorf F. Impact of the Affordable Care Act on an urban burn center. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. In press.

Payne RE, Nygaard RM, Joss FD, Sahgal P, Richardson CJ, Bashir M, Paragh K, Vardas PN, Suzuki Y, Corvera J, Calcaterra D. Blunt aortic injuries in the new era: polytrauma risk assessment dictates management strategy. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. In press.

Marek AP, Nygaard RM, Liang E, Roetker NS, DeLaquil M, Gregorich S, Richardson CJ, Van Camp J. The association between sleep, call responsibilities, supervised exercise, and burnout in a resident cohort. BMC Medical Education. In press.

Lumbard D, Marek AP. Intestinal Malrotation Associated with Colon Cancer in a Young Adult: A Case Report

Zhang AJ, Nygaard RM, Endorf FW, Hylwa SA. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Retrospective Review of 10-year Experience. International Journal of Dermatology. 2019; Mar 1:epub ahead of print. PMID: 30825193. doi: 10.111/ijd.14409.

Bauman BD, Louiselle A, Nygaard RM, Vakayil V, Acton R, Hess D, Saltzman D, Kreykes N, Fisher G, Louie J, Segura S. Treatment of Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest in the Pediatric Drowning Victim, a Case Report, and Systematic Review. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2019; Jan 29:epub ahead of print. PMID: 30702645. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001735.

Fakhry SM, Allawi A, Ferguson PL, Michetti CP, Newcomb AB, Liu C, Brownstein MR, and the EAST SBP Multi-Center Study Group (Nygaard RM and Marek AP). Blunt Small Bowel Perforation (SBP): A Multicenter Update 15 years later. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2019; Jan 10:epub ahead of print. PMID: 30633100. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002176.

Hubbard M, Bin Zahid A, Vonderhaar K, Freeman D, Nygaard RM, Kiragu A, Guillaume D. Prediction of Outcome after traumatic brain injury in children using the head Abbreviated Injury Scale. Brain Injury. 2019; Jan 19:1-6. PMID:30663437. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1566966

Nygaard RM and AP Marek. The Affordable Care Act’s Effect on Discharge Disposition of Racial Minority Trauma Patients in the United States. J Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. 2018;Nov 14. PMID: 30430461. doi: 10.1007/s40615-018-00540-1

DuBose J, Fabian T, Bee T, Moore LJ, Holcomb JB, Brenner M, Skarupa D, Inaba K, Rasmussen TE, Turay D, Scalea TM; and the AAST AORTA Study Group (Nygaard RM). Contemporary Utilization of Resuscitative Thoracotomy: Results From the AAST Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) Multicenter Registry. Shock. 2018 Oct;50(4):414-420. PMID: 29280925. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001091.

Leach PK, Nygaard RM, Chipman JG, Brunsvold ME, Marek AP. Impostor Phenomenon and Burnout in General Surgeons and General Surgery Residents. Journal of Surgical Education. 2018 Aug 16. Pii:S1931-7204(18)30258-7. PMID: 30122638. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.06.025

Nygaard RM, Endorf FW. Frostbite Versus Burns: Increased Cost of Care and Use of Hospital Resources. Journal of Burn Care and Research. 2018; 39(5): 676-79. PMID: 29917086. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/iry033

Marek AP, Nygaard RM, Cohen EM, Polites SF, Sirany AME, Wildenberg SE, Elsbernd TA, Murphy S, Potter DD, Zielinski MD, Richardson CJ. Rural versus Urban Pediatric Non-accidental Trauma - Different Patients, Similar Outcomes. BMC Res Notes. 2018 Jul 28; 11(1):519. PMID: 30055647. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3639-4

Nunn A, Prakash P, Inaba K, Escalante A, Maher Z, Yamaguchi S, Kim DY, Maciel J, Chiu WC, Drumheller B, Hazelton JP, Mukherjee K, M Luo-Owen X, Nygaard RM, Marek AP, Morse BC, Fitzgerald CA, Bosarge PL, Jawa RS, Rowell SE, Magnotti LJ, Ong AW, Brahmbhatt TS, Grossman MD, Seamon MJ. Occupational Exposure During Emergency Department Thoracotomy: A Prospective, Multi-Institution Study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018 Jul; 85(1):78-84. PMID: 29664893. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001940

Polites SF, Nygaard RM, Reddy PN, Zielinski MD, Richardson CJ, Elsbernd T, Petrun BM, Weinberg SL, Murphy S, Potter DD, Klinkner DB, Moir C. Multicenter Study Of Crystalloid Boluses And Transfusion In Pediatric Trauma- When To Go To Blood?. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018 Jul; 85(1):108-112. PMID: 29538238. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001897

Nygaard RM, Gayken JR, Endorf FW. Influence of insurance status on hospital length of stay and discharge location in burn patients. American Surgeon. 2018 Jun 1; 84(6):924-929. PMID: 29981626.

Ferrada P; Callcut R; Skarupa D; Duane T; Garcia A; Inaba K; Khor D; Anto V; Sperry J; Turay D; Nygaard RM; Schreiber M; Enniss T; Mcnutt M; Phelan H; Smith K; Moore F; Dubose J. The A, B, Cs of Trauma Do We Have the Orders of the Factors Backwards? Circulation First: An American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multicenter Trial. World J Emergency Surgery. 2018. Feb;13(8). PMID: 29441123. doi: 10.1186/s13017-018-0168-3

Brenner M, Inaba K, Aiolfi A, DuBose J, Fabian T, Bee T, Holcomb JB, Moore L, Skarupa D, Scalea TM; AAST AORTA Study Group (Nygaard RM). Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta and Resuscitative Thoracotomy in Select Patients with Hemorrhagic Shock: Early Results from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma's Aortic Occlusion in Resuscitation for Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Registry. J Am Coll Surg. 2018. May;226(5):730-740. PMID: 29421694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.01.044

Nygaard RM and Endorf FW. Frostbite in the United States: An Examination of the National Burn Repository and National Trauma Data Bank. J Burn Care Res. 2018 Aug 17;39(5):780-5. PMID: 29931369. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irx048

Marek AP, Morancy JD, Chipman JG, Nygaard RM, Roach RM, Loor MM. Long-term functional outcome after thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. Am Surg. 2018 Jan 1;84(1):20-27. PMID: 29428017

Dole M, Endorf FW, Gayken J, Fey R, Nygaard RM. Early mobilization in lower extremity frostbite injury: preliminary experience at a single burn center. J Burn Care Res. 2018 April 20;39(3):339-44. PMID: 28570307. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000590

Masters T, Omodt S, Gayken J, Logue C, Westgard B, Hendricksen S, Walter J, Nygaard R. Microangiography to monitor treatment outcomes following severe frostbite injury to the hands. J Burn Care Res. 2018; 39(1):162-7. PMID: 28328661. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000526

Holl E, Marek AP, Nygaard RM, Richardson CJ, Hess D. Use of Chest CT for Blunt Pediatric Chest Trauma: Does it change clinical course? Pediatric Emergency Care. In press

Whitley A, Nygaard RM, Endorf F. Reduction of Pressure-Related Complications with an Improved Method of Securing Endotracheal Tubes in Burn Patients with Facial Burns. J Burn Care Res. 2018;39(1):117-20. PMID: 28368915. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000556

Nygaard RM, Marek AP, Daly SR, Van Camp JM. Violent trauma recidivism: Does all violence escalate? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018;44(6):851-8). PMID: 28326453. doi: 10.1007/s00068-017-0787-5

Nygaard RM, Endorf FW. Patterns of skin substitute use in isolated face and hand burns. Burns. 2017 Oct;1(2)63-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burnso.2017.07.003

Nygaard RM, Endorf FW. Effects of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the use of skin substitutes in burn patients. Burns. 2017 Oct;1(2)59-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burnso.2017.07.002

Nygaard RM, Lacey AM, Lemere A, Dole M, Gayken JR, Lambert Wagner AL, Fey RM. Time Matters in Severe Frostbite: Assessment of Limb/Digit Salvage on the Individual Patient Level. J Burn Care Res. 2017;38(1):53-9. PMID:27606554. DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000426

Scott MF, Khodaverdian RA, Shaheen J, Ney AL, Nygaard RM. Predictors of retained hemothorax after trauma and impact on patient outcomes. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2017;43(2):179-84. PMID: 26619854. DOI: 10.1007/s00068-015-0604-y

Nygaard RM, Sirany AM, Wyman EA, Bodner J, Richardson CJ, Ney AL, Odland MD, Hill MJ. A clinical tool to risk stratify potential kidney transplant recipients and predict severe adverse events. Clinical Transplantation. 2016 Nov;30(11):1494-1500. PMID 27646676. doi: 10.1111/ctr.12848

Nygaard RM, Whitley AB, Fey RM, Wagner AL. The Hennepin Score: Quantification of Frostbite Management Efficacy. J Burn Care Res. 2016;37(4):E317-22). PMID: 26536540. DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000277

Johnson TJ, Nygaard RM, Cohen EM, Fey RM, Lambert Wagner A. The Impact of Hospital-Acquired MRSA in a Burn Population After Implementation of Universal Decolonization Protocol. J Burn Care. 2016;37(6):e525-30. PMID: 26284644. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000301

Starchook M, Nygaard RM, Zera R. A Case of Fat Necrosis of the Breasts Associated with Central Venous Occlusion Related to Dialysis Access. Breast J. 2015;21(5):549-50. PMID: 26332074. DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12456

Nygaard RM, Daly SR, Van Camp JM. General Surgery Resident Case Logs: Do they accurately reflect resident experience?. J Surg Ed. 2015;72(6):e178-83. PMID: 26073716. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.04.022

Sirany AM, Nygaard RM, Morken JJ. The LIFT Procedure for Anal Fistula: A Mixed bag of Results. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015;58(6):604-12. PMID: 25944433. DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000374

Daly SR, Nygaard RM, Van Camp JM. Impact of Personality, Sex, and Generation on Resident Operative Role. J Surg Res. 2015 Mar;194(1):52-6. PMID: 25488720. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.11.024

Stahler PA, Weese SE, Nygaard RM, Hill MJ, Richardson CJ, Larson SM, Gunderson S, Quickel RR. Honoring Patients’ Organ Donation Decisions When Family Conflict is Present: Experience from a Single Organ Procurement Organization. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014 Oct;77(4):555-8. PMID: 25250593. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000417

Wyman EA, Nygaard RM, Richardson CJ, Quickel RR. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy after Trauma Celiotomy. Is it Safe?. J Surg Res. 2014 Dec;192(2):607-10. PMID: 25064276. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.021

Marek AP, Deisler RF, Sutherland JB, Punjabi G, Portillo A, Krook J., Richardson CJ, Nygaard RM, Ney AL. CT Scan-detected Pneumoperitoneum: An Unreliable Predictor of Intra-abdominal Injury in Blunt Trauma. Injury. 2014 Jan;45(1):116-21. PMID: 24041430. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.08.017

Gaddie K, Montgomery C, Murphy S, Gorlin J, Miller MB, Anderson B, Nygaard RM, Richardson CJ, Ney AL. Management of Bloodless Surgery in a Trauma Setting: Balancing Patient Wishes with Patient Safety. Minn Med. 2013;96(6):49-51. PMID: 23862373.