2021-06

2021-06

odds 

• 1) the ratio between the amounts staked by the parties to a bet, based on the expected probability either way.

• 2) the balance of advantage; superiority in strength, power, or resources.

  • • plural noun: the odds

    • superiority /suːˌpɪərɪˈɒrɪti/: the state of being superior.

    • superior /suːˈpɪərɪə/

  • Examples

    • the odds are that he is no longer alive: the chances or likelihood of something happening or being the case 很有可能他已经不在人世了

    • the odds against this ever happening are high 发生这种情况的几率很高

    • she clung to the lead against all the odds 她不顾一切地坚持领先

    • the odds were overwhelmingly in favor of the banks rather than the customer 绝大多数有利于银行而不是客户

    • it is possible for the race to be won at very long odds 有可能以非常大的赔率赢得比赛

      • short and long odds are terms used to describe different bets. 

        • Short odds refer to likely outcomes 

        • long odds refer to outcomes that are more unlikely. 

    • the bookies are offering odds of 8-1 博彩公司提供 8-1 的赔率

      • bookies: a bookmaker

      • bookmaker: a person whose job is to take bets (especially on horse races), calculate odds, and pay out winnings; the manager of a betting shop.

odds <-> odd

• odd:  different to what is usual or expected; strange. For example:  "the neighbours thought him very odd"

• nitrogenous fertilizer nitro-genous /nʌɪˈtrɒdʒɪnəs/ 氮肥

• Phosphatic [/fɒsˈfatɪk/] fertilizers 磷肥 :  containing or consisting of phosphates 

  • • Phosph-: light, light bringer, shine;

    • phosphates: 磷酸盐

• potassic /pəˈtasɪk/ fertilizer 钾肥 containing or relatively rich in potassium /pəˈtasɪəm/ . 

• Ferrous sulfate [/ˈfɛrəs/ /ˈsʌlfeɪt/] 硫酸亚铁　

  • Ferrous ˈfɛrəs: (chiefly of metals) containing or consisting of iron

  • sulfate /ˈsʌlfeɪt/ :  a salt or ester of sulphuric acid, containing the anion SO42− or the divalent group —OSO2O—  硫酸盐

What's the campus vibe 校园风

• vibe: A person's emotional state or the atmosphere of a place as communicated to and felt by others.

burp: noisily release air from the stomach through the mouth; belch.

There's something odd about him, but I can't quite put my finger on it.

• put your finger on sth: to discover the exact reason why a situation is the way it is, especially when something is wrong.

all writers are copycats: (especially in children's use) a person who copies another's behaviour, dress, or ideas.

the goat had been skinned and neatly eviscerated

• eviscerated /ɪˈvɪsəreɪt/: Disembowel (a person or animal). 去内脏

  • • viscer-, viscero-, visceri-, visc-:   internal organs; all that is under the skin

• disembowel[dɪsɪmˈbaʊəl: cut open and remove the internal organs of.

  • the dinosaur used its claw to disembowel prey

  • bowel: goes from the stomach to the back passage (anus). It is a hollow muscular tube.  肠

janitor : a caretaker or doorkeeper of a building.

bowl /bəʊl/  <-> bowel /ˈbaʊəl/ 

• janitor is (chiefly us) someone who looks after the maintenance and cleaning of a public building

• guard is a person who, or thing that, protects or watches over something (to protect from danger)

bartender: a person who mixes and serves drinks at a bar.  cf: barista

cf: An abbreviation meaning “compare.” 

a warrant was issued but he has not been apprehended: arrest (someone) for a crime.

• apprehended :1）arrest (someone) for a crime.

• apprehended :2）understand or perceive . For example:  "we enter a field of vision we could not otherwise apprehend"  我们进入了一个我们无法理解的视野

I can discern no difference between the two policies: recognize or find out.

you had one job: to express one's frustration that someone or something has failed at the main or sole task they were responsible for, especially when that task seems very easy or fundamental. 你連一件這麼簡單的事情都做不好！！ 

• A: “Oh no, I forgot the cake!”

• B: “You had one job, Tiffany!”

• Why can’t you just sit and wait here? You had one job!  就叫你坐在這邊等我就好！怎麼連這麼簡單的一件事都做不到？！

• 
  

give it a shot: To try something (often for the first time as a means of forming an opinion about it).

• A: “Do you want to try driving my car, to see how you like it?”

• B: “Yeah, sure, I'll give it a shot.”

• I don't usually like hot tea, but it's so cold out that I gave it a shot today.

get back on the horse (that bucked you): To return to or resume an activity that one has previously failed at, had difficulty with, or which has previously caused one harm.

• I know you're discouraged after getting fired, but you need to get back on the horse that bucked you and start looking for work.

• I've been single for three years since my divorce, but now I think it's time to get back on the horse and start dating again.

• buck

  • 1. (of a horse) to perform a buck, ie, a vertical jump performed by a horse, with the head lowered, back arched, and back legs thrown out behind. 

    •  Eg: he's got to get his head down to buck

  • 2. oppose or resist (something oppressive or inevitable). Eg: the shares bucked the market trend

He was out of practice at cooking: not currently proficient in a particular activity or skill through not having exercised or performed it for some time

• proficient: competent or skilled in doing or using something.

  • I was proficient at my job

deck the house with boughs of holly

• deck: decorate or adorn brightly or festively.

• bough/baʊ/: a main branch of a tree.

• holly /ˈhɒli/: a widely distributed shrub冬青树

Sit back and relax – I’ll open a bottle of wine: get into a comfortable position, for example in a chair, and relax

Your cereal got so mushy: soft and pulpy

• soggy /ˈsɒɡi/ : soaked with moisture or other liquid

• mushy” /ˈmʌʃi/: resembling or having the consistency of mush; semiliquid, pasty, or granular

  • I don't especially like mushy oatmeal.

  • pasty: of or like paste. 

• pulpy /ˈpʌlpi/ : resembling or consisting of pulp; mushy.

  • pulp: a soft, wet, shapeless mass of material. 

  • ex: simmer gently until the fruit is very soft and pulpy

She’s a lovely child, but she can be a bit of a handful sometimes: difficult to control

• handful:

  • 1) difficult to control: a handful child

  • 2) a small number or amount.

    • only a handful of people were in the pub

as smart as a whip: very quick-witted and intelligent.

• “despite some of the things he says, he's as smart as a whip”

Actuarial science: Actuarial science is a discipline that assesses financial risks in the insurance and finance fields, using mathematical and statistical methods.

• actuarial /aktʃʊˈɛːrɪəl/: relating to actuaries or their work of compiling and analysing statistics to calculate insurance risks and premiums. 

International Studies is a major in the College of Arts and Sciences that is unique to the Huntsman Program

• Arts and Sciences: 文理

  • arts: the various branches of creative activity, such as painting, music, literature, and dance. 

Curriculum /kəˈrɪkjʊləm/课程

• freshman

• sophomore /ˈsɒfəmɔː/

• junior

• senior

Application for Admission and Supplement Essays 补充论文

This advice was spot on. I quickly familiarised myself with the ins and outs of enterprise tech, sought help when I needed to, and settled in.

• spot on: completely accurate or correct, for example: “your reviews are spot on”

I don’t believe people should turn their noses up at certain companies without experiencing it for themselves.

• turn your nose up: to not accept something because you do not think it is good enough for you

• cf: turn one's chip up:  to stay cheerful and hopeful during difficult times 

Denmark's Eriksen given life-saving cardiac massage on pitch, was able to speak before going to hospital

• on the pitch: 在球场上的

Investors rush to stash cash with Fed after interest rate tweak: Store (something) safely and secretly in a specified place.

• stash: store (something) safely in a hidden or secret place.

Joe Biden confidently and skillfully donned the mantle of leader of the free world on this trip.

• don: Put on (an item of clothing).

• mantle: a loose sleeveless cloak or shawl, worn especially by women.披风

  • she was wrapped tightly in her mantle

  • shawl: A square or rectangular piece of cloth worn as a covering for the head, neck, and shoulders  披肩

The previous president had ceded that mantle and this president has now emphatically reclaimed it

• cede: Give up (power or territory).

• emphatically /ɪmˈfatɪkli/: in a forceful way.

  • she closed the door behind her emphatically

• reclaim: retrieve or recover (something previously lost, given, or paid); obtain the return of.

　　　 * you can reclaim £25 of the £435 deducted

you read my mind 你最懂我心

He insisted walk with the pet so I wheeled the bike: push or pull (a vehicle with wheels) 推自行车

• wheeled: push or pull (a vehicle with wheels). 

traveling through London was a breeze: a thing that is easy to do or accomplish.

Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)

we expect a few nuanced changes that would sound less dovish than in the April meeting:

• nuance /ˈnjuːɑːns/ : Characterized by subtle shades of meaning or expression.

• subtle /ˈsʌt(ə)l/ : (especially of a change or distinction) so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe.

We’re in the throes of the Blow-Off Top of the Bubble-Blowing Bull Market: /θrəʊz/  Intense or violent pain and struggle, especially accompanying birth, death, or great change

The prosecutor mentioned the additional charges on Tuesday in asking for a three-week adjournment.

• adjournment/əˈdʒəːnm(ə)nt/: break off (a meeting, legal case, or game) with the intention of resuming it later.

Stocks waggled into a mixed open Tuesday: Move or cause to move with short quick movements from side to side or up and down.

“he's a stickler for accuracy”: a person who insists on a certain quality or type of behaviour.

saber rattling

• saber /ˈseɪbə/ : a heavy cavalry sword with a curved blade and a single cutting edge.  军刀

• cavalry  /ˈkav(ə)lri/ :  1) (in the past) soldiers who fought on horseback.   2) modern soldiers who fight in armoured vehicles. 

totality /tə(ʊ)ˈtalɪti/: the whole of something. EX: "the totality of their current policies"

JOLTS report:  Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) 

in the spot market: The spot market or cash market is a public financial market in which financial instruments or commodities are traded for immediate delivery.

You bet: you may be sure; certainly.

• “‘Would you like this piece of pie?’

• ‘You bet!’”

I'm not ruling anything out at present:

The bullet was fired at point-blank range: (of a shot, bullet, or other missile) fired from very close to its target.

a laboratory or department responsible for forensic tests.

• forensic/fəˈrɛnsɪk/: scientific tests or techniques used in connection with the detection of crime.

I have had my hands full with this one: to be very busy

she has an alibi for the whole of yesterday evening

• alibi /ˈalɪbʌɪ/: a claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a criminal one, is alleged to have taken place.

He was stalked By his Mom: Pursue or approach stealthily.

the party was a real bummer: a thing that is annoying or disappointing.

dork guy /dɔːk/  笨蛋

It is reasonable to have less than perfect reasons for leaving a job, but show discretion in reasons you do divulge.

• discretion/dɪˈskrɛʃ(ə)n/: the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offense or revealing private information.谨慎

• divulge /dʌɪˈvʌldʒ,dɪˈvʌldʒ/: make known (private or sensitive information).泄露

  • I do not want to divulge my plans at the moment

Refrain from bad-mouthing your previous employer, being emotional or playing the blame game.

Feelings of burnout and fatigue due to inflexibility or overwork can quickly turn into disengagement at work

• disengagement /dɪsɪnˈɡeɪdʒm(ə)nt,dɪsɛnˈɡeɪdʒm(ə)nt/: the action or process of withdrawing from involvement in an activity, situation, or group.

  • His disengagement from the provisional government

• burnout: physical or mental collapse caused by overwork or stress.

  • high levels of professionalism which may result in burnout

  • inflexibility: unwillingness to change or compromise. Ex: "he had a reputation for arrogance and inflexibility" 

Factor in your skills and experience that would make you the best candidate for the position

• Factor in: to include something when you are doing a calculation, or when you are trying to understand something

Be careful to not present yourself as someone who switches between jobs on a whim.

• on a whim: Based on a sudden, impulsive urge, desire, or idea; without careful planning or because of a capricious inclination

• impulsive: acting or done without forethought.

• capricious/kəˈprɪʃəs/: given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behaviour.

• it's terrible to feel our livelihood hinges on a capricious boss

Did you leave voluntarily?

• voluntarily/ˈvɒl(ə)ntrɪli/: of one's own free will.

tempo run: run at a pace that an athlete could maintain for about 60 minutes, and are sustained for approximately 20-40 minutes

• crotch /krɒtʃ/ : the part of the human body between the legs where they join the torso 裆

• torso: the trunk of the human body 躯干

• thyroid /ˈθʌɪrɔɪd/：a large ductless gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.甲状腺

  • metabolism /mɪˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/: the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. 代谢

• thyroid gland

• Total thyroidectomy: removal of the thyroid gland by surgery.

  • -ectomy /ˈɛktəmi/ : denoting surgical removal of a specified part of the body.

Supraventricular tachycardia 室上心动过速

• Supra-ventricular

  • supra-: above

  • ventricul-, ventriculo-: a small cavity in an organ; especially of the heart or brain

• tachy-cardia

  • • cardia : noun ANATOMY the upper opening of the stomach, where the oesophagus enters. 贲门

      • oesophagus  /ɪˈsɒfəɡəs/ : the part of the alimentary canal which connects the throat to the stomach. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane. 食管

        • mucous membrane /ˈmjuːkəs/  adj 黏膜

      • alimentary /alɪˈmɛnt(ə)ri/  relating to nourishment or sustenance. 营养的

      • membrane: a thin sheet of tissue or layer of cells acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism. 膜

• ventricular: Pertaining to the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart, as in ventricular fibrillation and ventricular septal defect心室

  • • ventricles: a hollow part or cavity in an organ. 

• fibrillation: making a quivering movement

  • • fibrillate /ˈfʌɪbrɪleɪt,ˈfɪbrɪleɪt/： 

      • (of a muscle, especially in the heart) make a quivering movement due to uncoordinated contraction of the individual fibrils. 房颤 

      • (of a fiber) split up into fibrils.  原纤维化

        • fibrils /ˈfʌɪbrɪl/  a small or slender fibre. Ex: "each muscle fibre is subdivided into smaller fibrils"

• septal /ˈsɛpt(ə)l/ : adj, relating to a septum or septa 隔膜

  • • septum: a partition separating two chambers, such as that between the nostrils or the chambers of the heart.

      • -> plural noun:  septa

      • chambers: an enclosed space or cavity. 

• tachy-: fast

• presbyopia

  • presby-: old

    • Presbyterian /ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪərɪən/ : relating to or denoting a Christian Church or denomination governed by elders according to the principles of Presbyterianism. For example: a Presbyterian minister

• myopia ↔ myopic adj.

Barista <-> bartender

• barista /bəˈrɪstə/: a person who serves in a coffee bar.

• bartender /ˈbɑːtɛndə/: a person serving drinks at a bar.

light ice = easy on ice 

• macchiato /ˌmakɪˈɑːtəʊ/ : a drink of espresso coffee with a dash of frothy steamed milk.

• espresso ɛˈsprɛsəʊ/ : a type of strong black coffee made by forcing steam through ground coffee beans. 

• americano /əmɛriˈkɑːnəʊ/ : a drink of espresso coffee diluted with hot water.

• frappuccino: a line of blended iced coffee drinks sold by Starbucks. It consists of coffee or crème base, blended with ice and ingredients such as flavored syrups and usually topped with whipped cream and or spices 

• vanilla creamer: a cream or milk substitute for adding to coffee or tea. 

• sugar free vanilla creamer

• fat free creamer

• syrup /ˈsɪrəp/: a thick, sweet liquid made by dissolving sugar in boiling water, often used for preserving fruit

• vanilla syrup: a substance obtained from vanilla pods or produced artificially and used to flavour foods or to impart a fragrant scent to cosmetic preparations. 

Singapore local coffee: by default, a coffee or kopi (say ‘kaw-pee’) comes with condensed milk and sugar at the bottom of the cup 

• Kopi: Black Coffee with condensed milk

• Kopi Peng: Sweet black coffee with condensed milk and ice

• Kopi O Siew Dai: Black coffee with less sugar

• Kopi-O: Sweet black coffee

• Kopi-Kosong: Unsweetened black coffee

• Kopi Kosong Peng: Unsweetened black coffee with ice

• Kopi-O Peng: Sweet black coffee with ice

• Kopi Gah Dai: Black coffee with extra condensed milk

• Kopi Po: A weaker coffee with condensed milk

• Kopi Gau: Strong coffee with condensed milk

• Kopi-C: Coffee with unsweetened evaporated milk (the C is for Carnation); but they’ll still add sugar

• Kopi Ta Bao: To-go 

  • • Kope: Black coffee with condensed milk, which is a thick and sweetened milk. 

    • Teh: tea

    • O: Black with sugar Black coffee with sugar 

    • C: With evaporated milk and sugar instead of condensed milk

      • evaporated milk : known as "unsweetened condensed milk", is a shelf-stable canned cow’s milk product where about 60% of the water has been removed from fresh milk 

      • condensed milk: sweetened condensed milk, which contains added sugar. 

    • Kosong: No sugar or milk added.  In Malay Language, Losong is for ‘zero’ 

    • Gah Dai: Extra condensed milk

    • Gau: strong

    • Siew Dai: less condensed milk  

      • siew: means less

    • Xiu Dai: Less sugar

    • Po:  weaker/thinner coffee

    • Peng: Iced

    • Tiao He :  "Fishing" (To describe Chinese Tea, Teabag) 

• fly to Frankfurt and have a connecting flight to Berlin

• Do I need to claim my bag in Frankfurt or my final destination, Berlin ?

a grande hot coffee with creamer and vanilla syrup

• shot:  A shot is about 75mg of caffeine 

• Demi: This tiny cup holds only 3 ounces and is made solely for espresso shots. 

• Short: The smallest Starbucks drink around, a short contains 8 ounces.

• Tall: Confusingly, the second smallest size at Starbucks is called “tall.” It clocks in at 12 ounces --> in fact it is small

• Grande: In Spanish, “grande” means large,  it’s actually a medium option at Starbucks. Grande coffees hold 16 ounces, both for cold and hot beverages. 

• Venti:  The venti option is tricky since it’s actually two different sizes. Both cups are noticeably tall and a bit more ungainly to carry around, something to bear in mind if you’re on the go.  It is large

  • A hot venti beverage contains 20 ounces of coffee—in fact, the word venti means 20 in Italian. 

  • The cold venti is slightly larger, at 24 ounces. 

window/aisle/middle seat

• aisle /ʌɪl/

  • aisle /ʌɪl/:  a narrow passageway, especially in a church or store

  • isle /ʌɪl/:  an island.

  • axle: /ˈaks(ə)l/ a rod or spindle (either fixed or rotating) passing through the centre of a wheel or group of wheels. 

    • spindle /ˈspɪnd(ə)l/ : a slender rounded rod with tapered ends used in hand spinning to twist and wind thread from a mass of wool or flax held on a distaff. 

    • tapered /ˈteɪpə/ : diminish or reduce in thickness towards one end. 

• checked baggage: a baggage is checked in and transported in the cargo area of the plane

• carry-on baggage/hand baggage: they are the same thing, you take it into the cabin with you.

sharp and pointed objects, like razor blades and knives are not allowed in the carry-on baggage

put the baggage on the scale with handles up

exceed the weight/size/… limit and required to pay for an excess charge of xxx$.

Please empty your pockets, take off your jacket, belt, accessories,… and put them in the trays.

The ground crew is in the process of deicing the wings in preparation for the departure.

crew : a group of people who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etc. 

You can report to your carrier to change your tickets or we can put you on standby for the next available seat on a flight to your destination…

• career /kəˈrɪə/

• carrier /ˈkarɪə/

ask a member of airline staff for your lunch ticket

the door of plane will close in 5 minutes