"Conduct formative assessments with English learners using English language measures of phonological processing, letter knowledge, and word and text reading." (IES Practice Guide, 2007)

For students in kindergarten and grade 1. The early screening measures fit into three categories: 

• • • Measures of phonological awareness 

    • Measures of familiarity with the alphabet and the alphabetic principle 

    • Measures of reading single words and knowledge of basic phonics rules

For students in grades 2 to 5, studies have shown that oral reading fluency measures are valid screening measures for English learners and are associated with positive performance on comprehensive standardized reading tests 

Data from formative assessments should be used to determine to the level of instruction an ELL student may need

Before formative assessments are administered, the student should have previously engaged in at least two-three practice items with modeling and corrective feedback