Substances and Mixtures

SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES

A substance is a category of substances with distinct chemical and physical characteristics as well as a well-defined and consistent chemical and physical creation. This implies that a material, whether it is an element or a compound, is made up of just one type of particle and that the quantity or the conditions under which it is measured have no bearing on its properties.

Mixtures are made up of various sorts of atoms or molecules that are not linked together chemically. A mixture is a physical amalgamation of two or more substances that maintains the distinct identities of each individual substance.

Heterogeneous substances are composed of different substances that are not uniformly distributed throughout the mixture, resulting in distinguishable particles of each component. Sand and water, oil and water, and trail mix are some examples of such mixtures where the non-uniformity of particles is visible to the naked eye.

Homogenous is when two or more chemical substances either elements or compounds, are combined, and the constituent parts of the mixture cannot be clearly distinguished from one another. A homogenous mixture has a steady composition. In comparison to a heterogeneous mixture, it is frequently harder to separate the various components of a homogeneous mixture.

~Other Information~

Elements and Compounds

ELEMENTS

An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom and does not contain any other type of atom.
Elements are classified according to their physical and chemical characteristics, which establish whether they fall under the categories of metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
Examples of elements are Iron, Copper, Gold, etc.

COMPOUNDS

A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more different types of components that are chemically combined in a specific ratio to create a distinct and singular substance.
Compound is categorized based on the type of chemical bonds that contain, which might be ionic, molecular, or metallic
Examples of compounds are NaOH, NaCl, H2O, etc.

Mixtures

Made up of two or more substances

Solution (homogenous)

Homogenous mixture
A solid dissolves in water
e.g. salt and water

Suspensions (heterogenous)

Solubles have a size that is significant enough to be seen and eventually they will sink down to the bottom.
A bond can be established among various materials including solids, liquids, and gases.
It is necessary to stir in order to keep the consistency even
e.g. sand and water

Mechanical Mixture (heterogenous)

A combination of two or more substances that are physically joined together and can be divided or isolated from each other.
Particles do not blend or combine with each other in any way.
e.g. oil and water

Classification of Matter

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Pure Substance

A pure substance refers to a substance that is entirely made up of either one kind of atom or one type of molecule, and can't be separated into simpler substances through physical techniques.

Elements

substances made up of only one type of atom
118 known elements, 94 can be naturally found on Earth.
Atomic number distinguishes elements.

3 types of elements:

Metal - this type of element exhibits good electrical and heat conductivity.
Nonmetal - if Metal can conduct heat, while this type of Nonmetal cant conduct heat or electricity well, and has a dull appearance.
Metalloid - a mixture of metals and nonmetals.

Compounds

result from the chemical bonding of two or more different types of elements, forming a fixed proportion of atoms.
compounds are virtually limitless due to the countless possibilities of combining different elements in varying proportions.
arranged in a fixed ratio, which is distinct from the arrangement of elements in other compounds.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

This can be measured without altering the composition or characteristics of the substance.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Density - Refers to the density or compactness of particles within a substance.
Color - A color of a substance can indicate details about its chemical.
Electrical Conductivity - refers to a substance’s ability to conduct electricity with ease
Melting and Boiling points - When a substance transitions from a solid state to a liquid state and then from a liquid state to a gas state.
Hardness - It has the ability to given information regarding the resilience of a substance
Malleability - the ability to bend without breaking
Solubility - when a substance can dissolve in a solvent to make a consistent solution under certain conditions.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Describes the chemical reaction with other substances.

Types of Chemical properties of matter:

Types of Chemical properties of matter:
Reactivity - the ability of a substance to reach other substances
Flammability - the capability of a substance to flame when getting close to something flammable
Acidity - a substance is acidic that can affect its reaction to other substances
Toxicity - when a substance is poisonous to other living organisms.
Heat Combustion - When a substance burns completely with oxygen, it releases a certain amount of heat energy.

The History of Chemistry Website by Sanchez Group

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