Gringo (/rino/, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Spanish: [io], Portuguese: [u]) (masculine) or gringa (feminine) is a term in Spanish and Portuguese for a foreigner. In Spanish, the term usually refers to English-speaking Anglo-Americans. There are differences in meaning depending on region and country. In Latin America, it is generally used to refer to non-Latin Americans. The term is often considered a pejorative,[1] but is not always used to insult,[2][3][4] and in the United States its usage and offensiveness is disputed.[5]
GRINGOS, llaman en Mlaga a los extranjeros, que tienen cierta especie de acento, que los priva de una locucin fcil, y natural Castellana; y en Madrid dan el mismo, y por la misma causa con particularidad a los Irlandeses.
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Gringos is what, in Malaga, they call foreigners who have a certain type of accent that prevents them from speaking Castilian easily and naturally; and in Madrid they give the same name, and for the same reason, in particular to the Irish.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that gringo could derive from the Cal language, the language of the Romani people of Spain, as a variant of the hypothetical *peregringo, 'peregrine', 'wayfarer', 'stranger'.[16][17]
The word gringo is mostly used in rural areas following the original Spanish meaning. Gringo in Argentina was used to refer to non-Spanish European immigrants who first established agricultural colonies in the country. The word was used for Swiss, German, Polish, Italian and other immigrants, but since the Italian immigrants were the larger group, the word primarily referred to Italians in the lunfardo argot.[21][22] It also found use in the intermittent exercise Gringo-Gaucho between Argentine Naval Aviation and US Navy aircraft carriers.
In Brazil, the word gringo means "foreigner" and has no connection to physical characteristics or specific countries. For example, foreign football players in the Brazilian Championship that come from other Latin American countries are referred to as "gringos" by the sports media[23][24] and by sports fans.[25] Tourists are called gringos regardless of their ethnic origins (i.e. Latin Americans or people from other regions, like Europe).[26]
As the word has no connection to physical appearance in Brazil, black African or African American foreigners are also called gringos.[27] Popularly used terms for fair-skinned and blond people are generally based in specific nationalities, like "alemo" (i.e., German), "russo" (Russian) or, in some regions, "polaco" (Polack) and "galego" (Galician)[28] which are used for both Brazilians[29][30] and foreigners[31] with such characteristics, regardless of national or ethnic origins.
The term is deeply rooted in Mexican culture and art; for example, in the novel The Old Gringo by Carlos Fuentes or in the songs Frijolero by Molotov and Somos Ms Americanos by Los Tigres del Norte.[2]
In the United States, gringo is often used by Latino Americans to refer to Anglo Americans.[5] Sometimes it is also used by Americans to refer to themselves.[41] It is considered to be a racial slur targeted towards non-Hispanic white people but it may also refer to any person that is not Latino.[42][43] Among the US Latino communities it may also disparagingly refer to another non-Chicano Latino person perceived to be culturally assimilated into the mainstream American culture and not be culturally Latino, e.g. inability to speak Spanish.[44]
Alicia Shepard stated that there is a disagreement between Hispanics and non-Hispanics about its offensiveness.[5] She argued that even though in Spanish it is defined as a neutral term and not as an insult, in English it can be interpreted as such, and should be avoided.[5]
In Mexican cuisine, a gringa is a flour tortilla with al pastor pork meat with cheese, heated on a comal and optionally served with a salsa de chile (chilli sauce). Some attribute the name to the white flour used.[45]
In 1969, Jos ngel Gutirrez, one of the leaders of the Mexican American Youth Organization, said his and MAYO's use of the term, rather than referring to non-Latinos, referred to people or institutions with policies or attitudes that reflect racism and violence.[46]
I may have been born in Guatemala, but I was raised in Florida. Regardless of the fact that I have lived in the U.S. since I was 2 years old, most Americans would find it strange to hear my grandma occasionally call me media gringa -- a half-gringa.
I speak Spanish at home, and my last name is Ramirez. My mother is Nicaraguan, and my father is Guatemalan. But my grandmother knows that even though I was born in Guatemala, I am a foreigner in the place of my birth. I have no concrete ties to Guatemala or its culture. I have lived my entire life in the U.S. I am, as grandma says, media gringa.
Gringo can be used to broadly and inoffensively refer to a group of U.S. citizens. I've also heard it used as a term for Europeans. I've heard the term used as a name for people who don't speak Spanish. It can also be used to refer to Hispanics who speak very little or no Spanish at all. Gringo is also sometimes used as a name for Hispanics who are not in touch with their Latino roots, or for any person who is ignorant of Latin American culture or history.
My mother and I call my brother a gringo because he doesn't eat gallo pinto, the traditional Nicaraguan dish of rice and beans. When he complains about a meal we say, "Ese se cree gringo" ("he thinks he's a gringo").
Beatriz Varela wrote the chapter "Ethnic nicknames of Spanish origin in American English" in the book Spanish Loanwords in the English Language: A Tendency Towards Hegemony Reversal. Varela explains many of the myths surrounding the word, detailing the flaws in the theory that it comes from the words "green" and "go," with "green" being phonetically spelled as "grin" in Spanish. She also mentions the folklore that Mexicans coined the word in the 1800s. This particular story claims that the word was a reference to "Green Grow the Lilacs," a song the U.S. military sang while marching.
My sixth-grade Spanish teacher claimed that the word was coined by Central and South Americans during the U.S. military occupation of various Latin American countries. According to him, the word refers to the color of the U.S. dollar.
But the 1786 Castilian Dictionary by Esteban Terreros y Pando traces the use of the word back to 1700s Spain. Spaniards used it as a name for people who could not speak Spanish, he said, or who spoke Spanish with a heavy accent.
Joan Corominas, an etymologist of Spanish and Catalan, gives us another theory behind the origins of the word. Corominas believes it may have evolved from the Spanish word for Greek: griego. "Est hablando griego," ("he is speaking Greek"), as in the figurative expression, "It's all Greek to me." Meanwhile, William Sayers of Cornell University traces gringo to the Andalusian word for pilgrim, peregrino, and the Romani word for foreigner.
Regardless of the actual origin of gringo, there is a common thread behind all the origin myths and theories. Namely, that it has historically been used to refer to a foreigner. Whether it is a traveler, a person whose language is unintelligible, or a person of foreign birth like me, gringo denotes the idea of otherness.
It was one of my first days in Brazil and I was out at a bar with some friends. I got tired of not understanding anything in Portuguese so I started playing on my phone. But being on my phone was no reason for this guy I had just met to insult me by calling me a gringo.
This was really hard for me to accept. For the past 6 months as I was traveling through Latin America I was cautious not to do anything that would justify a Mexican, Cuban or Colombian calling me a gringo. And now that I had come to Brazil I find out that those people are gringos too? Something just seemed wrong about the whole situation.
For someone who grew up in California the idea that someone who spoke Spanish could be called a gringo was just absurd. Gringo is the name Mexicans give to those Yankee imperialists who went to war and took their land. Gringo is what the Cubans call the CIA agents who tried to invade their country at the Bay of Pigs. Gringo is what Colombian drug lords call the DEA agents who stop drug shipments from getting to Miami.
As a traveler in Latin America I was given the benefit of the doubt as an extranjero, but if I proved myself to be a gringo then I would be in trouble. Gringo is the last thing I wanted to be called in Colombia. If someone called me a gringo in Colombia I would fear that someone was going to hurt me or try to kidnap me. My first reaction would be to start looking around to see if there were any blunt objects lying around that I could use as a weapon.
It is confusing that a word that is so full of hate in most countries where it is used could be completely harmless in another. It would be nice if there were one unified meaning across all countries, but that is not going to happen. As gringos in Brazil we have to get used to the meaning of the word as it is defined by the people around us.
Liborio has to leave Mexico, a land that has taught him little more than a keen instinct for survival. He crosses the Rio Bravo, like so many others, to reach "the promised land." And in a barrio like any other, in some gringo city, this illegal immigrant tells his story.
As Liborio narrates his memories we discover a childhood scarred by malnutrition and abandonment, an adolescence lived with a sense of having nothing to lose. In his new home, he finds a job at a bookstore. He falls in love with a woman so intensely that his fantasies of her verge on obsession. And, finally, he finds himself on a path that just might save him: he becomes a boxer. 152ee80cbc
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