Here is the video for this topic:
Here are the links for the video:
Statistics
NEA: https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/waste-statistics-and-overall-recycling#:~:text=The%20domestic%20recycling%20rate%20decreased,73%20per%20cent%20in%202019.
Nat geo: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/plastic-produced-recycling-waste-ocean-trash-debris-environment
Eurostat: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Waste_statistics
Recycled vs virgin
Virgin plastic might be better both in quality and energy-wise:
Glass recycling is actually worthwhile, but the system could put a hold on things:
https://cen.acs.org/materials/inorganic-chemistry/glass-recycling-US-broken/97/i6
Metal recycling is also ok bcos chemically speaking you can remelt and reform the thing:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_by_material
What can be recycled?
What can’t be recycled in SG: https://www.nea.gov.sg/docs/default-source/our-services/waste-management/list-of-items-that-are-recyclable-and-not.pdf
How big oil misled ppl to believe plastic could be recycled: https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-misled-the-public-into-believing-plastic-would-be-recycled
Plastic recycling UK: https://www.bpf.co.uk/sustainability/plastics_recycling.aspx#4.2
Metals that can’t be recycled: http://www.zoresrecycling.com/blog/which-metals-are-not-recyclable-and-why/
--china story---
Wendover video on this: https://youtu.be/KXRtNwUju5g
China ban: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2020/11/29/china-doesnt-want-the-worlds-trash-anymore-including-recyclable-goods/?sh=130fdf627290
In wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%27s_waste_import_ban
Consequence for SEA: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/china-ban-plastic-trash-imports-shifts-waste-crisis-southeast-asia-malaysia
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-waste-idUSKCN1MZ0P4
Kim kim incident: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Kim_Kim_River_toxic_pollution
Downcycling: https://www.oberk.com/packaging-crash-course/downcycling-temp
Will recycling save the planet?
Recycling is energy efficient mostly: https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a3752/4291566/
WTE
NEA: https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/3r-programmes-and-resources/waste-management-infrastructure/semakau-landfill/waste-to-energy-and-incineration-plants
Compatibility between WTE and recycling: https://wastewise.be/2013/12/compatibility-recycling-and-waste-to-energy/#.YFYOp68zZPY
9 reasons why europe doesn’t like WTE: https://zerowasteeurope.eu/2018/02/9-reasons-why-we-better-move-away-from-waste-to-energy-and-embrace-zero-waste-instead/#:~:text=Incinerators%20waste%20large%20amounts%20of,energy%20produced%20by%20burning%20waste.
Europe debate: https://e360.yale.edu/features/incineration_versus_recycling__in_europe_a_debate_over_trash
Recycling is easy?
(info on what can be recycled is in ‘What can be recycled?’)
Single stream issues: https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/09/single-stream-recycling-is-easier-for-consumers-but-is-it-better/380368/
10 b dollars of precious metals lost via e waste: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jul/02/10bn-precious-metals-dumped-each-year-electronic-waste-un-toxic-e-waste-polluting
3Rs and conclusion
Which bag is the best?: https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2020/04/30/plastic-paper-cotton-bags/