The Assyrians Of The Middle East: The History And Culture Of A Minority Christian Community __FULL_

At the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire engaged in a series of acts of ethnic cleansing, constituting genocide against minority communities living within its borders. These events had and continue to have a profound influence on the history, culture and politics of Christian communities across the Middle East in general and North and East Syria in particular. In 1892, Sultan Abdulhamid II ordered a campaign of mass conscription or murder of Yazidis as part of his campaign to Islamize the Ottoman Empire, which also targeted Armenians and Christians in general. The principal genocide occurred in 1915, conducted by the so-called Young Turks against the Armenian, Greek Christian and Syriac-Assyrian peoples. Around 1.5 million Armenian and over 750,000 Syriac-Assyrian people were killed in this genocide, known to the Assyrians as Sayfo (sword) and to the Armenians as Aghed (catastrophe). Besides pogroms and massacres throughout their traditional homeland, and the forced conversion of millions to Islam, Armenians were lined up and made to walk towards the Syrian desert in convoys tens of thousands strong. Although the expulsions resembled deportations, brutal treatment at the hands of the guards overseeing the marches made clear that their real agenda was the planned elimination of the Armenian population through a process of starvation and exhaustion. Others either survived the death marches or otherwise escaped to neighboring countries. When refugees arrived in Syria, they were distributed all along the border regions of Syria, including in what is now North and East Syria.

Elizabeth Monier is a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow in the Department of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge. Her research interests include identity, the nation, sectarianism, and minority and communal politics in the modern history and culture of the Arab world.

The Assyrians Of The Middle East: The History And Culture Of A Minority Christian Community

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In recent years, a remarkable historic Aramaean Christian community has caught the attention of both the Israeli Parliament and of fellow people of faith in our land as these modern-day disciples of the historic Jesus bring to life the ancient history of Israel and the early days of the Messianic community during the First Century AD. The Aramaean roots, culture, and language that are found as far back as 3,000+ years ago spread throughout the Middle East during centuries of military conquests and massive migration waves. We are not surprised, therefore, to find the Aramaic language common among the Jewish population of Israel and the Galilee during the Second Temple period all the way to the days surrounding the appearance of Jesus and the birth of the Messianic Faith community in Jerusalem. be457b7860