Introduction - Patent Search
When trying to find a solution to the problem, it is often helpful to see if there is a patent trying to solve that problem or a similar problem. When looking for patents our group looked for different types of shoes that were designed to increase friction with the ground. This included different soles made with different materials with different shapes and design. We also looked at more unique solutions like a claw or glue shoe.
Patent 1
APA Citation: Google. (2020, May 12). US10645994B2 - article of Footwear with Lightweight Sole Assembly. Google Patents. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/US10645994B2/en?q=lunar%2Bshoes&oq=lunar%2Bshoes
Patent Number: US10645994B2
Patent Summary: This is an incredibly lightweight shoe sole that is easily compressible. It is incredibly comfortable and pretty cheap to produce. It is an applicable material for different kinds of footwear.
Patent Critique: Given that we are transporting shoes to space, and that weight and volume are major concerns when transporting things up there, we could apply some of this idea to our shoes. Although the idea doesn’t fully meet our criteria as the friction with the ground leaves much to be desired.
Patent 2
APA Citation: Google. (2019, July 24). JP6549513B2 - sole for sports shoes. Google Patents. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/JP6549513B2/en?q=high%2Bfriction%2Bshoes&oq=high%2Bfriction%2Bshoes
Patent Number: JP6549513B2
Patent Summary: This is a type of shoe sole that has differing friction surfaces overlapping on the bottom of the shoe. These create a systematic form of friction on the sole of the shoe. It is commonly done with only two elements on the sole of the shoes but it can be done with three elements.
Patent Critique: This is an incredibly useful resource for us as it is direct research and applications of research into different friction in the soles of shoes. The goal of it was for sport shoes rather than space shoes so it isn’t a direct transfer. They didn’t have any images.
Patent 3
APA Citation: Google. (n.d.). US20160174659A1 - tread pattern combination for non-slip shoes. Google Patents. Retrieved October 4, 2021, from https://patents.google.com/patent/US20160174659A1/en?q=patents%2Bhigh%2Bfriction%2Bshoes&oq=patents%2Bhigh%2Bfriction%2Bshoes&page=3.
Patent Number: TW106104261A
Patent Summary: This Patent is a shoe tread pattern to optimize friction and control. The layout of the tread on the sole of the shoe provides non slip control. It is designed for working areas with slippery floors while lifting heavy objects.
Patent Critique: This helps us for ideas on how we are going to design our shoes. This source shows us the importance of using treads on the bottom of our shoes because having a high friction is our goal. This source is unique because we have seen no source on tread and its benefits.
Sayed, K. (2014, March 6). US20140059897A1 - footwear outsole. Google Patents. Retrieved October 6, 2021, from https://patents.google.com/patent/US20140059897.
Patent Number: US20140059897A1
Patent Summary: A shoe with a bottom that has a group of protrusions that go off the treads on the shoe that increase the traction between the shoe and the floor. When walking these protrusions get caught between the shoe and the ground increasing traction.
Patent Critique: This solution decreases contact between the floor and the shoe, which decreases the coefficient of static friction. The patent also doesn’t specify a material for the bottom of the shoe.
Patent 6
French, M., Tucker, L. J., & Banach, T. E. (2014, August 12). US20120066938A1 - shoe soles for enhancing gripping with a smooth hard surface. Google Patents. Retrieved October 6, 2021, from https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120066938A1/en?oq=%2BUS%2B2012%2F0066938.
Patent Number: US20120066938A1
Patent Summary: A shoe with removable pods that release a sticky substance. This substance increases friction with the floor.
Patent critique: It will be an annoyance to have to replace the pods. The substance may leave a residue that might need to be cleaned up.
Patent 7
Piontkowski, S. (2015, July 2). Https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/a8/1b/cb/a08c79a69f9edc/ES2272108B1.pdf. Google Patents. Retrieved from https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/1d/48/cb/a16dc778cf7011/US20150181978A1.pdf
Patent Number: US20150181978A1
Patent Summary: This is a model that shows the foot in a high heel shoe. It shows an in depth diagram of everything that is happening with the foot to portray the forces, stress and strain on the foot. It reviews what parts make contact with the ground and shoe and how those forces relate to the rest of the foot.
Patent Critique: This is not immediately useful but knowing how a foot relates to different parts of an environment is useful as we start to develop a shoe around a foot. This will help show us what parts of the shoe we need to put more or less into.
Patent 8
Google. (2012, December 18). US8333024B2 - article of footwear for dancing. Google Patents. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/US8333024B2/en?q=High%2BFriction%2BShoes&assignee=Nike%2C%2BInc
Patent Summary: US8333024B2
Patent Summary: This is a dancing shoe designed by Nike. It is a shoe designed to increase friction with the ground in certain motions and decrease it in others. It is designed to allows for optimal pivoting and rotation on the sole and ball of the foot. It also allows for a large amount of foot curvature.
Patent Critique: This will be useful at it emphasizes the different motions that a foot can do and uses friction to allow certain actions to be performed much more easily. This can be transferred over to our shoes as we design a shoe with a very specific bottom with specific materials.
Patent 9
Google. (n.d.). JP2016016329A - multifunctional outdoor shoes, in particular mountain shoes, mountain running shoes, trail running shoes or climbing shoes, as well as methods for manufacturing them. Google Patents. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2016016329A/en?q=running%2Bshoes&oq=running%2Bshoes.
Patent Summary: This is a patent about the charistics of a running shoe and how it can be manufactured. It goes into depth about the materials that could be used and how they would be made. It discusses the sole of the shoe and how the sole adds friction to allow the shoe to function.
Patent Critique: This patent will help us when we are figuring out how to make our shoes. It also gives us ideas on a more wide variety of materials to use when making the shoe. Some bad parts of this source is that it doesn't go into depth about why each material was chosen so it's not as technical as we want it to be.
Patent 10
Google. (n.d.). JP4741714B2 - insole and footwear of Shoes. Google Patents. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4741714B2/en?q=shoes&oq=shoes.
Patent Number: JP4741714B2
Patent Summary: This patent talks about the comfort solo and the cushion for shoes. It goes into depth about how these cushions work and how the force of the body is balanced to create a more comfortable shoe and put less strain on the foot and the heel.
Patent Critique: This patent will help us figure out how to make specialized arches and cushions to prevent the cushioning effect. This will make astronauts use more force to walk and this extra force and work their bodies will have to do will make it so their muscles don't atrophy.
Patent 11
Howell, E. L. (2011, December 8). US20110296715A1 - augmented footwear for gripping and holding in micro-gravity environments. Google Patents. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110296715A1/en?q=extravehicular%2Bactivity%2Bboots&oq=extravehicular%2Bactivity%2Bboots.
Patent Number: US20110296715A1
Patent Summary: A pair of shoes that has two claws at the bottom of the shoe near the toes. When people bend the toes it opens and closes the claws. These claws can be used to grip objects.
Patent Critique: It would get very tired very quickly to have to bend toes to grip onto bars. The claws make it difficult to walk since the claw would push the tip of the feet.
Conclusion - Patents
These patents all had relevant ideas to our product as they all dealt with the sole and structure of feet and shoes. The sole of the shoe is our biggest concern when going into making it, so having all of these patents that already relate to soles of shoes is very helpful. These patents show existing research into rubber soles and different physical designs of the soles of the shoes. A number of patents show different types of ridges. Most of these shoes however aren't equipped to handle the unique challenges of shoes in space, for example, most have some sort of cushioning to absorb shock from the bone, but in space astronauts don't get enough stress on their bone, so cushioning is unfavorable.
Introduction - Prior Solution Matrix
When analyzing different solutions or designs an engineer might often use a matrix. We took some of our favorite patents, plus other similar products like Timberland boots or Brooks running shoes. We choose these shoes because they are often used when in low friction situations. We weighed these products on criteria we thought we're in important to our design. Some of these criteria are a high frictional coefficient, being compressible and produce no static electricity.
Decision Matrix Conclusion
In this decision matrix we weighed certain factors of products with either similar design or useful specifications to our shoes. We had certain factors be worth more weight than other factors on a scale of 0.5-2 to get a good idea of how applicable certain products would be to our research. When we graded the products we rated them from 0-10 where 0 was low and 10 was high. In the end we found that there were three shoes that were all quite different but all we're at the top of our matrix. These three all excelled in their own unique ways. The Light Weight Sole Shoes had an above average friction stat, incredibly applicable and easy use, and we're incredibly lightweight for easy transport into space. It fell although in the fact that the structure wasn't firm at all and that its friction and tread was only slightly above average. The Timberland Work Boots were quite the opposite of the light weight shoes as they were very heavy and less form fitting, but had a greater friction and tread stat and were the best, by far, in how firm and how sturdy they were. Finally the Non Slip Athletic Shoes were quite ahead of the rest in the line up. They were the best in friction, which is one of the most heavily weighed categories, and they boasted above average stats in all other categories. These three shoes are likely to guide our development and research in the near future.