Judenrat armbands  

The Nazis established Jewish councils (Judenrat) in the ghettos. These Jewish administrations were required to ensure that Nazi orders and regulations were implemented. Jewish council members also sought to provide basic community services for ghettoized Jewish populations. Forced to implement Nazi policy, Jewish council members had to decide whether to comply or refuse to comply with German demands to, for example, list names of Jews for deportation. The members of the Jewish councils faced impossible moral dilemmas. The role of Jewish councils remains a controversial subject to this day.