Melting glaciers raise the level of seas and oceans. As a result of this phenomenon, some land areas, e.g. islands, can be flooded. Coastal cultivation areas are flooded with salty sea water.
Increased rainfall can cause floods and local flooding and damage to crops, which will reduce agricultural production.
Heat waves and drought cause desertification and withering of vegetation, as a result of which the area of agricultural and residential areas decreases. Another effect of prolonged drought is the lack of water in some parts of the world.
More frequent hurricanes and typhoons are devastating human settlements, causing the migration of people from the most-threatened areas and destroying both crops and natural vegetation.