When a person believes they can become good at anything because their abilities are due to their actions and effort. They emphasize learning from mistakes and failures (Dweck, 2006; 2012).
When a person believes their basic intelligence, talents, and skills are fixed traits. There is no room for improvement or learning new skills because what they are born with is what they have to work with (Dweck, 2006; 2012).
This is too hard.
I'm not good at this.
I'm perfect at this.
This is good enough.
I'm terrible at science.
I did this wrong.
I'll never be as smart as them.
Plan A didn't work.
I give up. I quit.
This will need time and effort.
I'm not good at this yet.
I can still find ways to improve & challenge myself.
With hard work, I can do better.
I need to spend more time practicing science.
I can learn from this mistake.
I can learn from what they do.
Luckily, there's 25 more letters in the alphabet!
It's time to take a break and then try again.