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Upper-course river features include steep-sided V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, rapids, waterfalls and gorges.
V-shaped valleys are deep valleys with steep sides forms from vertical erosion when the river flows quickly cutting down into its bed.
Interlocking Spurs are ridges of alternating high land which project towards the river, decreasing in height toward the river.
A waterfall is an area where a river flows over a vertical drop/ edge of a cliff.
Plunge pools are rounded hollows excavated at the base of a waterfall by the falling and swirling action of the water.
A pothole is a hole in the bed of a river where it has been abraded by pebbles as they swirl around.
Rapids is an area of turbulence where the river bed is uneven. It occurs where there is a sudden change in slope or where there is an area of more resistant rock protruding.
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