History

It was the researcher Hans Selye who first studied and explored the problem of stress and published the results in his book "The Stress of Life" in 1956.

In recent times the western industrialized world has debated the problem of stress and its negative consequences through articles, books, radio, television, in short, all the mass media have dealt with it. It is the subject of study and research in medical, university and scientific research institutes.

It is common opinion that everyone suffers from it: from the manager to the worker, from the clerk to the student, from the motorist to the housewife. Everyone talks about it, almost always associating it with the existential discomfort of modern life. But what is stress really? The word stress, before in medicine, has been used in physics and construction science, with the meaning of stress, fatigue. We talk about the stress of steel, concrete, crystals and metals subjected to stresses such as traction, pressure, shock, vibration, torsion, up to the critical point of failure. This concept is also well suited to man, precisely because the human body and its nervous system, such as reinforced concrete beams and bridges, are also subjected to continuous environmental stress, often excessive. From this analogy comes the common use of the word stress, which is so widespread today, and which affects the lives of most people in civilized countries.

Principles

It is the task of every human being to know how to mediate the needs of his organism with those of the surrounding environment in order to maintain that balance which is the expression of psychophysical well-being. Health, therefore, is a good that we must know how to continually seek, through listening to our body and its particular instinct of preservation. Inside every person there is an "internal doctor" who can guide us to health and well-being, as long as we listen to him. If we are our body, massage, giving voice to the body, promotes its inner listening.

Effects

In addition to relieving nervous tension, anti-stress massage can help to recover the altered body consciousness, i.e. it helps to redefine boundaries and to become aware of the signals that our body sends us; useful in case of obesity.

Massage has an analgesic function, since on the one hand it stimulates the production of endorphins, substances with a recognized analgesic action, and on the other hand it induces muscle relaxation. In addition it has a diuretic action with consequent removal of interstitial liquids and stagnant lymph; detoxifying the body.

Contraindications

Anti-stress massage as for other massages should not be practiced in the presence of: contagious diseases, fever or flu, skin mycosis and open wounds. In case of pregnancy, inform the operator.

Principles

The energy massage is part of the classic European massages, and the principles on which it is based are to maintain a good state of psycho-physical efficiency and to overcome senile tissue decay as far as possible.

Generally this type of massage lasts about 50 minutes with a fast rhythm on the limbs and back and a slower rhythm on the abdomen. The basic manual skills that make it up are: touching, friction, kneading, percussion, vibration.

Effects

It promotes blood and lymph circulation, helps the mobilization of adherent tissues, stimulates the elimination of toxins and increases muscle tone.

Contraindications

Energy massage is contraindicated in case of: fever or flu in acute phase, indigestion, diarrhoea, vomiting, first and second day of menstrual cycle, fractures, acute phlebitis, severely exposed varicose veins, evident skin inflammation, burns. In pregnancy, massage for pregnant women can be useful.

Principles

Through the Rebalancing massage the individual is seen in its entirety; approaching him with an approach that takes into account both body and mind. This method thus allows access to the deepest emotions, for this reason it does not follow a real protocol as it varies from person to person, according to the needs of each, each being being unique and unrepeatable. Starting from a body base, we pass to the understanding of the deep mechanisms inherent in the body, approaching concretely the emotional and psychological dimension of the individual, as well as the emotional one.

Effects

The Re-balancing massage, with the help of breathing techniques, allows the relaxation of physical tensions and the melting of emotional blocks, which prevent the perception of our self, restoring a condition of harmony and balance and reactivating sleepy potentialities and life force. It helps to overcome the somatization of tensions and restore a correct posture. Facilitates communication between body, mind, emotions, essential to start a work of individual growth.

Contraindications

The Re-balancing massage should not be performed in case of: indigestion, diarrhoea, vomiting, fever or flu, fractures, open wounds. In case of pregnancy, inform the operator.

History

The Californian massage appeared in the early 1970s in Esalen, California, near San Francisco.

The Californian Massage comes from a synthesis work that brings together different schools and traditions such as Swedish massage therapy, American Indian body practices and breathing techniques.

It was born within the development, in the United States, of a series of therapies that preached the liberation of the body, the expression of feelings and the global balance of the person.

Massages, in fact, were associated with group therapies. It is precisely in this "new age" context that the Californian massage technique slowly developed and professionalized before becoming popular and spreading to the whole world during the 1980s.

Principles

The Californian Massage is also called Sensitive Massage, Meditative Massage, Anatomical Massage, Psychosomatic Relaxation Massage.

Its technique consists in wrapping and shaping the body in its totality, alternating fluid, light, slow, harmonious, rhythmic, gentle and very extended movements: it is as if the hands perform a harmonious choreography on the body.

The massage is performed with perfumed oils that make the gestures smoother, giving an extraordinary sensation of well-being, completeness, joy and calm. The hands of the operator are always in contact with the body of the person receiving the massage and move with a slow rhythm synchronized with the breath.

The Californian gestures are designed to transmit energy to the person receiving the massage. Technically they make use of the most complete range of manipulations that exists: touching, traction, vibration, kneading, local pressure, sliding pressure, twisting, friction, rocking, stretching, duck beak, disconnection.

Effects

The Californian Massage relaxes, gives a feeling of tranquility, peace and calm freeing the mind from thoughts. It has a tonic action on the skin, acts on the muscular system by loosening contractures and making joints more elastic.

It stimulates blood and lymphatic circulation, reactivates breathing vitality, promotes digestion and elimination of toxins. It is the anatomical massage par excellence that shapes the body, rejuvenates it and in this sense it works as a beauty treatment.

The Californian maneuvers are designed to transmit energy to the person who receives it. Gently stimulating the numerous nerve endings of the body, it also stabilizes the nervous balance. By exalting the internalization, it allows to rediscover the richness of the senses and to listen to the signals that the body sends. It teaches us to listen to ourselves, to understand ourselves better and by opening our inner doors, it leads us to approach others and the outside world with greater confidence, security and sociability.

Therefore, its effect is physical but also psychological, since this massage improves, by reflex, the perception of the body, listening, self-esteem, and promotes satisfaction.

Contraindications

Connectival massage is contraindicated in case of: fever or flu in acute phase, serious heart problems, diarrhoea, vomiting, mycosis or infectious skin diseases, acute phlebitis, evident skin inflammation, burns.

History

The use of stones is found in many civilizations. According to some scholars, human beings began to collect them for therapeutic purposes thousands of years ago, written formulas of recipes based on crystals and stones dating back to the Sumerian civilization (3000 B.C.) have been found in the Middle East. In the Ebres papyrus, dated about 1,500 B.C., there are many indications of the use of gems and minerals.

The ancient inhabitants of Northern Europe - Celts, Russians and Northerners - hand down to us the legend that "pierced" stones have mystical and healing powers. The Celts taught the sick to crawl or lie down on a pierced stone to absorb the vitality of the earth to access the healing power that lies within every human being.

In the ancient tribes of Native American Indians, the stones were spoken to as "The People of the Stones", believing that they possessed a soul and a memory, and if used in healing they allow the recipient to "feel" his or her soul. The latter, together with the inhabitants of ancient China and India, were the forerunners of hot stone therapy; placed in various places in the body, different types of pain were healed and relieved. In the Ayurvedic tradition the warmth of the stones has been used for more than 3000 years, not only for physical but also spiritual illnesses. In India the Charaka Samhita, the basic text of the oldest documented medical doctrine, tells us that the stones were heated in warm aromatic oils, were used during healing ceremonies and rituals and applied to the body with herbs for different diseases.

The heat of the heated stones is also used with different procedures in the Roman Empire with the construction of the Baths.

Principles

The stone massage combines the effects of thermotherapy with those of massage to achieve a wonderful result of total well-being. There are different forms of heat. The warmth of maternal love the warmth of a hearth, the sun, a hug, a caress or in our case, the warmth of stones. We all need this "energy". Being warmed by maternal love, by a caress or an embrace helps us to grow and live by becoming a hearth and sun in the cold moments of life. This translation of the term "hot" (heat) is the one we prefer.

As the name itself says, hot stone, in this technique are used mainly black hot stones of volcanic origin that are heated in special heaters. They have a great ability to retain heat by releasing it very slowly during work. The therapist, after having sprinkled the part of the body to be treated with medicated oil, massages and places the stones. In some treatments cold stones are used alternating with hot stones.

Usually the stones used for the cold treatment are made of white marble.

Effects

In Hot Stone Terapy, heat is the determining factor. Thanks to the heat of the stones begins a process of vasodilation of the skin and greater elasticity of the collagen tissue. The body responds to the thermal stimulation of the skin and thermoreceptors which send impulses to the thermoregulatory centres of the central nervous system from which in turn stimulation impulses are sent to transport liquids to the vasal system, sweat glands and muscles.

The increase in body temperature has, in fact, beneficial effects on the muscles, which relaxes and decreases their tension.

The benefits of thermotherapy performed with lava stones is particularly suitable for those who practice sport because it allows a faster muscle recovery, speeding up the disposal of toxins and lactic acid. It also has a sedative effect on the nervous system and improves peripheral circulation.

The heat can also give benefits to those who suffer from respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and sinusitis.

The heat of medium intensity facilitates local defence phenomena, both general and antibacterial, favouring skin regeneration processes.

Contraindications

Treatment with hot stones is contraindicated for those suffering from capillary fragility. It is also not recommended on open wounds and skin lesions, in case of nausea, fever and inflammation of lymphatic vessels.

Taken from "Stone Therapy" by Maria Lucrezia Dau and Silvano Siviero

Principles

Decontracting back massage is a massage technique that works in depth by acting on the muscle fascia and the structural aponeurosis, i.e. the resistant connective tissue that covers the muscle bellies, unites them and allows them to flow together.

The Decontracting massage is practiced with the hands, forearms and elbows, among the manual skills used we find the gentle but deep stretching, traction and compression. It is a slow and rhythmic massage, localized to the affected area, the operator moves with his fingers the planes below the skin, hooking and moving them transversely to the line of the tissue concerned.

This tissue can go through "densifications" that limit its normal mobility, thus giving rise to muscular, articular, postural and tissue problems in general.

Much used in the sports and re-educational field, it is an excellent treatment also for preventive purposes.

Effects

Decontracting back massage is able to rebalance fascial imbalances, improve posture and resolve muscular-articular pain.

The advantages of the Decontracting back massage are to increase the blood supply, improve venous and lymphatic flow, restore smoothness to the tissues and thus modify the perception of stiffness and pain, inducing a progressive release of the fascial component, freeing the muscles and organs from the constraints associated with densification of the connective tissue.

The connective tissue spreads and envelops the whole body, this complex of membranes transmits every minimum tension to the whole body. Working on the decontraction of the fascia means intervening directly on the posture with all the resulting benefits.

It has a profound action on the body, also involving the vegetative system so much so that it causes states of deep relaxation, so it must be applied with the necessary knowledge.

Contraindications

Decontracting massage is contraindicated in case of: fever or flu in acute phase, serious heart problems, diarrhoea, vomiting, mycosis or infectious skin diseases, acute phlebitis, evident skin inflammation, burns.

Cervical massage is considered one of the favourite treatments against cervicalgia which is one of the most common and most feared disorders in general. Its diffusion in the holistic field, derives from the multiplicity of causes that are at the origin of the cervical disorder. Wrong positions taken during the day or night, absence or excess of physical activity, stress, cold spells, sudden movements, arthritis of the cervical vertebrae, etc..

Of course some of the causes are occasional and temporary, while others derive from factors or behaviours repeated over time.

During the session we will treat the cervical area as a part of the body subject to contractures and incorrect or comfortable positions, also instructing those who receive the massage to the fact that a particular physical or emotional condition leads to an incorrect posture accentuating the problem.

History

In the 4th century B.C., in ancient Greece, the schools of Hippocrates and Aristotle already mentioned the existence of anatomical formations not containing blood, but a colourless liquid called "sanies".

Herophilus, a Greek scholar of anatomy, described the existence of lymphatic vessels discovered during the study of the digestive system and the same vessels were meticulously described by Erisistratus. Arab scholars such as Avicenna and Rhazes described the existence of lymphatic circulation in the 10th - 11th centuries AD.

Until not long ago the lymphatic system was an unknown one. One must reach the 17th century AD to have more in-depth studies on the subject. The scientist Gaspare Aselli (1581-1626), from Cremona, discovered the lymphatic vessels present in the intestine of a dog, calling them "venae lacteae", wanting to indicate the chromatic quality of their contents, which appeared milk white instead of red.

The Dane Thomas Bartholin, known in Italian as Tommaso Bartolino (Copenhagen 1616 -1680), was an anatomist famous for being the first to completely describe the human lymphatic system (1652), identifying in the subclavian - left jugular corner the outlet of the thoracic duct which, following the terminology used by Dr. Vodder, is called "terminus".

In the same period the Swede Olaus Rudbeck (1630 -1702), was one of the first discoverers of the lymphatic system in 1651, when he was still young, thus ensuring an early career. About a century later Paolo Mascagni, illustrious anatomist, born in Pomarance, in the province of Pisa (1755-1815), prepared a map of the lymphatic vessels of the lower limb and in 1787 he published his most famous treatise, the "Vasorun lymphaticorum corporis humani historia et iconographia".

The Fracese anatomist Philibert-Marie-Constant Sappey (1810-1896) also devised a procedure to define and delineate the lymphatic system; by injecting mercury into the skin of a corpse he was able to correctly visualize its lymphatic vessels. He thus developed a map, still very valid from a descriptive point of view, including the description of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes throughout the human body. His most important work is the "Traité d'anatomie descriptive". To continue Sappey's studies was Henri Rouvière (1876-1952) born in France, remembered for his 1932 publication "Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme". He was professor of anatomy and thanks to an in-depth study he created the classification of human lymph nodes and associated their drainage regions.

After several theories, he came to the "Starling's law" an equation formulated in 1894 by the English physiologist Ernerst Starling (1866-1927) concerning the filtration and reabsorption of liquid, a theory still valid today, although it must be supplemented by other concepts.

The first to lay the foundations of manual maneuvers to treat lymphatic disorders, especially at the level of extremity oedemas, was the Austrian-Belgian surgeon Alexander von Winiwarter (1848-1917), who was a native of Vienna. His method fell into disuse until the Danish Emil Vodder (1896-1986) resumed his studies and developed manual lymph drainage as we study and apply it today.

He studied biology, botany, mineralogy, medicine, cytology and microscopy at the University of Copenhagen, the Royal Hospital and the Skodsborg sanatorium and studied physiotherapy and dietetics. He obtained his doctorate in philosophy in 1928 in Brussels. He settled in France in 1929 with his wife Estrid (naturopath) and worked in Cannes and Juan les Pins as massage therapy experts.

At that time they had as patients, English people staying in the area for the treatment of their colds which, conditioned by the humid climate of their country, had taken on a chronic character. The Vodders found that all patients had swollen lymphatic nodules in the neck.

At that time the lymphatic system was taboo for masseurs and doctors, Vodder dared to break the taboo, instinctively treated these swollen lymphatic nodes and was successful.

In 1936 Vodder together with his wife presented his technique called "Vodder Lymphatic Drainage" in Paris during the Aesthetic Congress "Health and Beauty".

After the Second World War Emil Vodder and his wife Estrid spread the method in European countries by giving lectures, demonstrations and teaching cycles.

This pioneering activity attracted the attention of masseurs, cosmetics experts and doctors, which led to the founding of a "Dr. Vodder Manual Lymph Drainage Society" in 1967, whose task was to find scientific foundations for the effects of the D.L.M. and to optimally train individual professional groups. This society, founded in 1967, was integrated in 1976 into the German Society of Lymphology as a section of "therapeutic lymph drainage" and "cosmetic-dermatological lymph drainage". The Dr. Vodder school provides the original method by teaching it without falsification. The aim of this school is to disseminate Vodder's Manual Lymphatic Drainage as part of the professional training of masseurs and cosmetic experts, to coordinate teaching, to follow the work of teachers, to help the human being with this method.

Other prominent names Asdonk, Kuhnke, Leduc in Belgium, Foldi in Germany are names that we cannot forget in the history of the so-called conservative therapeutic method of tissue oedemas.

Principles

Manual Lymphatic Drainage accelerates the healing process and simultaneously removes the liquid that causes oedema and any pathogens or foreign bodies.

Lymphatic drainage is mainly performed according to the dictates of two schools.

Both schools of lymphatic drainage are based on the same principles: the main difference between the two is the type of movement used.

Emil Vodder was the first to study the characteristics, but Albert Leduc, a lecturer in motor rehabilitation at the University of Brussels and founder of the European Lymphology Group, has the merit of having perfected the technique and studied the effect on an experimental basis, albeit with formal limits and on narrow samples.

Vodder's lymph drainage is a sequence that has as a mandatory characteristic "opening" on the neck of some points such as profundus and terminus, corresponding to lymph nodes, thoracic duct and the large lymphatic vein with the consequent emptying.

The opening consists of a combination of circular movements - round or oval, performed with a pressure of about 40 gr. so superficial that push the skin, without crawling on it.

After that you choose a body area to massage, (upper limbs, lower limbs, etc.) as the Vodder method cannot be applied on the whole body in the same session. If I go to work on the lower limb I will continue with the groin discharge and then I will treat the thigh. Also, the softer the tissue, the lighter the massage. The special massage technique is the main feature of Emil Vodder's Manual Lymphatic Drainage.

Leduc's technique is based on a more limited number of maneuvers, and proposes a series of treatment protocols according to the type of disorder. Edematous limb dressing is an integral part of the treatment: it should not be compressive and should be applied from the periphery towards the centre.

Leduc stresses the need to adapt manual drainage to the particular case: the principles should only serve as a guideline. The only rule that should never be violated is the delicacy of the manoeuvre.

Effects

The fields in which Manual Lymphatic Drainage is used are both medical and aesthetic. The beneficial effects of DLM are in fact multiple and to date not all its potential has been discovered and exploited.

The main indications are the anti-oedematous effect, it favours lymphatic circulation, increasing the speed of flow, thus allowing the reduction of lymphatic oedema, both lymphatic and of other origins, as can happen in the premenstrual period, in pregnant women, after the removal of the saphenous vein, after the execution of sclerosing procedures on varicose veins or after mastectomy procedures.

Also useful to eliminate oedemas that form after plastic and cosmetic surgery, here the ideal would be to perform treatments both before and after the surgery. Allergic and post-traumatic oedemas (distortion or removal of pinstripes) also benefit from the DLM. But even after prosthetic replacement surgery, subjects can also benefit by undergoing a few sessions of Manual Lymphatic Drainage. All this is intended as a subsidiary measure and not a substitute for medical therapy or physiotherapy.

Effect on the immune defences as they are strengthened through the massage of the lymph nodes; it increases the body's resistance to infection, but should not be applied in the acute phase because it would promote its dissemination. And again through manual lymphatic drainage there is a general renewal of the intercellular or interstitial fluid. Alexis Carrel, who was awarded the Nobel prize in 1964, demonstrated that the continuous supply of fresh lymph is essential for the cells to regenerate, guaranteeing the body a longer and healthier life. It is easy to understand the healing effect that this method has, even in the case of turbid sores, bedsores, or ulcers that are difficult to treat with normal methods. Through the acceleration of lymphatic flow, substances with an irritating action, which prevent the cleansing of the wound, are removed, and with the arrival of fresh lymph, nutrients, with plastic and reconstructive action of the tissue, also arrive.

Equally easy to understand is the beneficial effect on microcirculation, as the vessels' own mobility is improved and the filtering and reabsorption processes at the capillary blood level are accelerated. Remarkable is the regenerating effect, particularly evident in the elderly, or in the orthopaedic field with a faster constitution of the bone callus in case of compound fractures, or in dermatology with the cicatrization of the nipple fissures during breastfeeding. The slow and rhythmic movements of Manual Lymphatic Drainage have a sedative and relaxing effect favouring a physiological sleep for stressed or particularly fatigued subjects.

The analgesic and relaxing action is particularly useful on muscle contractures, tears or sprains, which is also associated with an anti-oedematous effect.

Contraindications There are two types of contraindications in the treatment of manual lymph drainage: absolute and relative.

The absolute contraindications are: acute phase infections, tuberculosis, proven or suspected malignant tumors.

The relative contraindications are: renal failure, heart failure, asthma, hyperthyroidism, vagotonia.

Draining massage: the technique

The body relaxes, the mind benefits and the blood flows better. This massage is targeted to improve and make the blood circulation system more efficient. Cellulite is in fact a disorder that compromises the blood microcirculation and manifests itself as an imperfection that makes the skin look like orange peel. There are various types of cellulite, depending on the nature and manifestation of the disorder: compact cellulite preferably affects people in good physical condition and with a toned musculature and often it is a simple water retention due to fluid loss due to physical exertion; flaccid cellulite occurs especially in middle-aged people, who have hypotonic tissue; oedematous cellulite, finally, occurs in association with compact cellulite, preferably on the legs, and is the fairly common consequence of circulatory pathologies.

The draining massage acts precisely on the tissues in order to promote blood, venous and lymphatic return. In practice, the therapist stimulates the blood to flow faster, the vessels come into contact with the tissues and this activation facilitates the removal of excess fluids, which are directed towards the kidneys. As a result, diuresis is also stimulated; generally, after a circulatory massage session, patients, or more often, patients, feel the need to expel urine.

Draining massage: the session

During a session the masseur performs maneuvers that aim to help the venous return of the blood, following the path of the veins (not the arteries), from the periphery of the body to the heart. The main manoeuvre is that of kneading: for the fleshiest areas, the therapist will knead with two hands, lay his hands on the patient's body, holding the elbows out, and grasp a good amount of tissue with his left hand, after which he will push the tissue in the direction of the right hand and repeat the same movement, concentrating on different areas.

For limbs and fleshy areas he will use one-hand kneading, carried out by dividing the thumb and index finger, drawing a wide V and placing the hand on the body, with the fingers united and well stretched, grasping the tissues and pushing them forward and upwards, pressing the hand firmly against the body. The lumbar area, feet and hands will be kneaded with the fingertips.

During a session the masseur will also use touching manoeuvres, which direct the blood to flow in the right direction. The session lasts about an hour and also includes techniques of plucking, pulling, pressure and percussion of various kinds. For circulatory massage usually a special cream or neutral oil is used, but sometimes it may be useful to apply essential oils, or perhaps concentrated ampoules that will penetrate more easily.

Draining massage: benefits and contraindications

There are no particular contraindications, while the benefits are multiple: heating of the muscles, stimulation of blood circulation, mobilization of subcutaneous fat deposits, elimination of waste. It is a very relaxing massage, not too invasive, which also acts positively on the nerve endings.

Draining massage: curiosity

The draining massage is particularly suitable for women. But why is the female sphere the one most affected by the disorder called cellulite? The main cause of the most common type of cellulite is related to female hormones. In fact, estrogens promote fluid retention and fat concentration especially in certain areas of the body such as hips, buttocks and thighs.

Principles

The objective of sports massage is to increase the athlete's ability to perform, but also to prepare for correct and safe training, as appropriate massage techniques drastically reduce the probability of suffering trauma during sports activity and therefore plays an important role in the athletes' preparation system.

Sports massage is applied not only before a competition, but also between competitions or after the competition itself.

The preparation massage has warming functions as it generates heat by increasing the temperature of the skin and muscles, ready to contract with maximum speed and strength and improves joint mobility by preparing for the maximum amplitudes required by the test in particular, thanks to the stretches and the associated passive mobilizations.

Its duration, therefore, depends not only on the type of sport but also on the individual characteristics of the athlete. The post-race massage is also intended as a recovery massage after effort, and is aimed at accelerating the disposal of fatigue and avoiding the appearance of muscle soreness. We try to maximize its elimination by performing the massage after competitions or training depending on the degree of fatigue. The duration of the treatment depends on the type of sport and the needs of the athlete who may need a full or localized massage to the muscle areas that have borne the greatest load.

Effects

The beneficial effects of sports massage derive from the action given by the increase in blood flow with consequent local hyperthermia and stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

From these two elements derive all the beneficial properties attributed to sports massage:

- Muscle preparation for physical activity

- Reduction of muscle tension

- Local microcirculation stimulation

- Draining effect combined with accelerated removal of lactic acid and metabolic waste produced during sports activity

- Reduction in heart rate and blood pressure

- Reduction of anxiety and mood improvement

- Increased circulating endorphins with consequent inhibition of the painful sensation

- Tissue decongestion and relaxation combined with accelerated healing of muscle contractures

- Accident prevention

Contraindications

Everyone can enjoy the benefits of this particular type of massage, regardless of age, type of sport practiced and their level of performance.

The Foot Massage is to be considered a complete treatment to restore balance throughout the body.

The feet bear the weight of our body during the day, so together with the spine are subject to stress and loads not indifferent.

During the massage some methods are practiced to loosen muscle tension, drain excess fluids and restore vitality to a part of the body that is often underestimated. A massage rich in friction, kneading, wringing, percussion that will restore the foot's perfect physiological functionality.