Research

Problem Statement: In 2019, a study conducted by the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care found that about 90% of the surfaces they swabbed in various public restrooms around the city of Tehran were contaminated with bacteria such as E. coli and Proteus vulgaris, which can cause stomach cramps and infection, respectively. E coli. affects 265,000 people every year. Additionally, in an article published by the New York Times in 2022, it was reported that public restrooms have been linked to the spread of diseases such as norovirus, salmonella, and hepatitis A.

Who: Users of public restrooms.

What: Illness due to microbial contamination (bacteria, viruses, etc.).

When: We referenced studies from 2019 and 2022.

Where: Various studies have been held in places such as the United States and Iran.

How many: 60 percent of Americans say they use a public restroom one to five times a week.