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A-B
Acculturation -
Cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acculturation#:~:text=1,a%20result%20of%20prolonged%20contact
Achiote -
Also known as Anatto. It is a spice and coloring agent extracted from the seeds of the evergreen Bixa Orellana Shrub.
https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-is-achiote-or-annatto-2138265
Al Dente -
In cooking, al dente means 'to the tooth’ describes pasta or rice that is cooked to be firm to the bite.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_dente
Alpine Zone -
The Australian Alps are a mountain range in southeast Australia. It comprises an interim Australian bioregion and is the highest mountain range in Australia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Alps
Banchan -
It is a term that describes a wide variety of Korean side dishes that cooks serve in addition to the main course.
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/banchan-dishes-guide
Bechamel Sauce -
Also known as white sauce, it is made by cooking butter, flour, and milk.
https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/139987/basic-bechamel-sauce/
Blanquette De Veau -
It is a French veal stew. In the classic version of the dish, the meat is simmered in a white stock and served in a sauce veloute enriched with cream and egg. It is the most popular meat dish in France.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/blanquette-de-vea
Boeuf Bourguignon -
Also called beef burgundy is a French beef stew braised in red wine, mushrooms, pearl onions, and bacon, and is arguably the world’s greatest beef stew.
https://www.recipetineats.com/beef-bourguignon-beef-burgundy
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C-D
Café da Manhã -
(Literally translating to Morning Coffee) Brazilians eat very minimally when it comes to what we would consider breakfast.
https://espetogrill.com/what-is-a-typical-brazilian-breakfast/
Caipirinha -
A Brazilian cocktail made with cachaça, lime or lemon juice, sugar and crushed ice.
https://www.gadventures.com/blog/caipirinha-brief-history-brazils-famous-cocktail/
Ceviche -
It is the famous dish from Latin America where fresh fish and other seafood is “cooked” in lime juice and mixed with chilli, coriander/cilantro, onion and other flavourings.
https://www.recipetineats.com/ceviche/
Cezve -
A small metal pot, usually of copper,, with a long metal handle, used for preparing Turkish, Arabic, or Greek style coffee.
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cezve
Churrasco -
It is the national barbecue of Brazil, where spit-roasting has been raised to the level of art.
https://barbecuebible.com/recipe/brazilian-churrasco-molho-campanha/
Cuisine -
Refers to a style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country, region, or establishment.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/cuisine
Culinary Arts -
It is a broad term that refers to the preparation, cooking, plating, presentation, and service of food.
https://www.escoffier.edu/blog/culinary-arts/what-are-the-culinary-arts/
Culinary Practices -
Encompass the customs, techniques, and traditions of food preparation and consumption within a culture.
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/resumes-cover-letters/culinary-skills
Cultural Sensitivity -
It is having an understanding of another person's set of beliefs or values that is attributed to the person's ethnic or racial background.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-cultural-sensitivity-definition-examples-importance.html
Culture -
The ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation.
https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/PH/CulturalAwareness/CulturalAwareness2.html#:~:text=Culture%20can%20be%20defined%20as,%2C%20religion%2C%20rituals%2C%20art.
Deglaze/Deglazing -
It is simply the act of adding liquid to a hot pan, which allows all of the caramelized bits stuck to the bottom to release.
https://www.bonappetit.com/story/what-does-deglaze-mean
Dietary Practices -
The specific patterns of food and beverage consumption followed by an individual or group, reflecting their cultural background, health needs, and personal preferences.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03670244.2022.2143569
Dolma -
A dish originally from Greece, Turkey, or the Middle east, made from leaves, usually vine leaves (from a climbing plant that produces grapes), or sometimes vegetables, such as peppers, filled with rice mixed with herbs, meats etc.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/dolma
Dum Cooking -
A slow cooking process in which the pot is placed on simmering coals or heat, fully covered so that its aroma cannot escape.
Infusecooking.com/what-is-dum-cooking/
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E-F
Eating Habits -
The way a person or group eats, considered in terms of what types of food are eaten, in what quantities, and when.
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/eating-habits
Escargots -
Edible snails typically served drenched in garlic and butter. Combined with its chewy texture, you get a flavor profile similar to mussels.
https://www.leftbank.com/posts/escargot
Espagnole Sauce -
Is a traditional French sauce made by mixing beef or veal broth, a deep brown roux and mixture of butter, flour, and vegetables called mirepoix.
https://www.simplyrecipes.com/classic-espagnole-sauce-recipe-5225167-
Ethnic Flavors -
Combination of primary and secondary ingredients, herb and spice combinations, and indigenous cooking techniques.
https://www.theculinarypro.com/global-flavors/
Flambéing -
It refers to the cooking technique of adding alcohol to a dish and igniting it to burn off the alcohol.
https://www.delish.com/kitchen-tools/a41029417/how-to-flambe/
Food -
It refers to any substance that nourishes the body and sustains life.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/food
Food Choice -
The selection of specific foods or dietary patterns based on individual preferences, cultural influences, health considerations, and other factors.
https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/food-dining/2022/09/01/food-choices-why-we-eat-what-we-should-not-and-how-to-be-mindful/10352025002/
Food Culture -
The customs, traditions, and beliefs surrounding the production, preparation, consumption, and sharing of food within a particular community or society.
https://www.slofoodbank.org/food-as-culture/
Food Stylist -
Arrange a dish’s final presentation, often for photography. Their work may appear in food magazines or blogs. Some food stylists also work in film and television, styling food and dishes for the screen.
https://www.escoffier.edu/blog/culinary-arts/what-are-the-culinary-arts/
Foodways -
It is a term that refers to the cultural, social, and economic practices related to the production, distribution, and consumption of food within a particular community or society.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/food/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/foodways
Frontier -
A line or border separating two countries.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/frontier
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G-H
Gazpacho -
Gazpacho is traditionally made from a mixture of puréed tomatoes and other ingredients such as cucumber, sweet bell peppers, onions, garlic, and olive oil. But you can also make fruit-based gazpacho with melons, or cucumber-based gazpacho.
Geographic Location –
It refers to a position on the Earth. Your absolute geographic location is defined by two coordinates, longitude, and latitude. These two coordinates can be used to give specific locations independent of an outside reference point.
Grits –
A popular dish in the American South, made from crushed or ground corn. They originated in Native American culture. They're most commonly served as a breakfast or side dish and usually made from a variety of corn called dent corn, which has a softer, starchy kerne.
Gyros –
Made with stacked meat, usually pork, that has been cooked on a vertical rotisserie. Gyro meat is traditionally stuffed into a warm pita with tomato, red onion, a few French fries, and a healthy dose of tzatziki.
Halal -
It is a dietary law that comes from the teachings of Islam and signifies "lawful or permitted."
Haute Cuisine -
It is also known as "high cuisine" or "grand cuisine," a type of culinary art that originated in France and is characterized by its elaborate and refined cooking techniques, presentation, and use of high-quality ingredients.
https://hotelintel.co/what-you-need-to-know-about-haute-cuisine-and-where-to-find-it/
Herbs -
It is a seed plant that does not develop persistent woody tissue but dies down at the end of a growing season.
Hollandaise Sauce -
It's like a warm blend of butter, lemon juice, and egg yolks that make it creamy and a bit like custard.
https://www.simplyrecipes.com/hollandaise-sauce-recipe-5185441
Hummus -
A paste of pureed chickpeas usually mixed with sesame oil or sesame paste and eaten as a dip or sandwich spread.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hummus#:~:text=noun,a%20dip%20or%20sandwich%20spread
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I-J
Infusion -
Infusion refers to flavour that is extracted by steeping an ingredient into a hot or acidic liquid such as water, oil, milk, or vinegar, for a period of time. Ingredients used for infusions must be solid and fragrant or aromatic, for example, dried leaves, herbs, or fruits.
Jambalaya -
An American Creole and Cajun rice dish of French, African, and Spanish influence, consisting mainly of meat and vegetables mixed with rice.
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K-L
Kadai -
Also known as "karahi", is deep-sided, flat-bottomed cookware with steep, sloped sides that is suited for deep frying and simmering hearty cuisines without any fuss.
https://www.potsandpans.in/blogs/articles/top-kadais-in-india-for-traditional-indian-as-well-as-global-cuisines?
Kadai Cooking -
Traditional Indian cooking bowl, they are generally made of heavy gauge steel and stand on iron three legged stands.
Kiwi -
The kiwi is a unique and curious bird: it cannot fly, has loose, hair-like feathers, strong legs and no tail. Learn more about the kiwi, the national icon of New Zealand and unofficial national emblem.
https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/kiwi/
Kosher -
It refers to foods adhering to dietary guidelines established by traditional Jewish law, specifying permissible foods and detailing their production, processing, and preparation requirements.
Kumara -
A kumara is simply a sweet potato commonly found in four varieties – red, gold, orange, and purple — of varying sweetness and texture, kumara is hugely versatile and used in salads, curries, and stews, or cut into fries and wedges.
https://www.vegetables.co.nz/vegetable-a-z/vegetables-a-z/kumara-kumara/
Lamingtons -
A soft buttery sponge cake coated all over with chocolate icing and coconut.
Lardon -
Also spelled lardoon, is a small strip or cube of fatty bacon, or pork fat (usually subcutaneous fat), used in a wide variety of cuisines to flavor savory food and salads. In French cuisine, lardons are also used for larding, by threading them with a needle into meats that are to be braised or roasted.
La Tomatina -
Is a famous festival in Spain in which participants throw tomatoes and get involved in a tomato fight purely for entertainment purposes.
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M-N
Mediterranean Diet -
A diet of a type traditional in Mediterranean countries, characterized especially by a high consumption of vegetables and olive oil and moderate consumption of protein, and thought to confer health benefits.
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/mediterranean-diet-meal-plan#what-is-it
Melting Pot -
It is a metaphor for a society where many different types of people blend together as one. America is often called a melting pot.
Mezze/Meze -
A small dish of food often served at the start of a meal or with drinks, especially in Greek, Turkish, or Middle Eastern cooking.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/mezze
Mise-en-place -
is a French term for having all your ingredients measured, cut, peeled, sliced, grated, etc. before you start cooking. Pans are prepared. Mixing bowls, tools and equipment set out. It is a technique chefs use to assemble meals so quickly and effortlessly.
https://food.unl.edu/article/use-mise-en-place-make-meal-preparation-easier
Miso -
It is a pungent, good-for-you paste made from fermented soybeans. The word miso literally means “fermented beans” in Japanese, and it's a staple of Japanese cooking.
Mirepoix -
It is a pungent, good-for-you paste made from fermented soybeans. The word miso literally means “fermented beans” in Japanese, and it's a staple of Japanese cooking.
Moules Marinières -
It is a French dish of mussels in their shells, cooked in white wine, butter, shallots, garlic and parsley. It may be served as an appetizer or main course. It can be accompanied by a variety of sides but commonly served with crusty bread.
Nappe -
Nappe is a thin layer of sauce or liquid spread over a dish’s top, typically to add flavour and moisture. It is the act of coating a food, such as a leg of lamb, with glaze. Nappe also describes a sauce’s thickness consistency; this is usually observed in the ability of a liquid to coat the back of a spoon.
Needling -
Refers to the process of piercing or pricking a food item, such as a meat or vegetable, to create small holes or punctures in it. This technique is often used to improve the texture and flavour of the food, allowing for better seasoning and browning during cooking. It is the process of injecting fat or flavours into an ingredient to enhance its flavour.
https://cookingdefined.com/definitions/what-is-needling-in-cooking/
Nutmeg -
The hard seed of a yellow fruit from a tree (Myristica fragrans) native to the East Indies; has an oval shape and smooth texture with a strong, sweet aroma and flavor; used ground (grated) in sweet and savory dishes.
https://www.cooksrecipes.com/cooking-dictionary/N-search-results.html
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O-P
Olive Oil -
Is commonly used in foods. As a medicine, people most commonly use olive oil for heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1689/olive-oil/
Oxi Day -
Also known as Ohi or Ochi, is a cherished national holiday celebrated on the 28th of October each year in Greece, Cyprus, and by Greek communities worldwide. While it's marked with parades and festivities, Oxi Day is also a moment to reflect on the virtues of courage, statesmanship, and national pride.
Paella -
It's become one of the world's most iconic dishes and is synonymous with Spanish culture, family, and festivities. Let's dig into one of the world's most famous dishes.
Pascha -
The easter feast which means "passover" a major feast of the Orthodox Liturgical year, and is a time of exultant joy and celebration.
Pavlova -
It is crisp on the edges, chewy on top, and marshmallow soft and creamy in the centers. Pile high with lemon curd, whipped cream, and fresh fruit to make a naturally delicious gluten-free dessert.
Pōhā (bull kelp) -
Used as storage or containers for preserved goods like tītī.
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/3087-poha-rokiroki-kai
Pot-au-feu -
Is a French meal that consists of slow-boiled meat and vegetables.
Pranzo -
It is an Italian word that means a meal eaten in the middle of the day.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/italian-english/pranzo
Q-R
Q-R
Quinoa -
An annual herb (Chenopodium quinoa) of the goosefoot family that is native to the Andean highlands and is cultivated for its starchy seeds which are used as food and ground into flour.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quinoa
Red-Cooking -
It is a traditional Chinese slow-braising technique that uses soy sauce, rice wine, and caramelized sugar to flavor the food and give it a dark red color.
Remouillage -
Is a super-thrifty stock made from the already boiled-down elements of a first stock, added to fresh vegetables and simmered again to make a flavourful soup base.
Rosh Hashanah -
The Jewish New Year is one of Judaism’s holiest days. Meaning “head of the year” or “first of the year,” the festival begins on the first day of Tishrei, the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar, which falls during September or October.
https://www.history.com/topics/holidays/rosh-hashanah-history
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S-T
Saffron-
Is a spice derive from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the "saffron crocus". The vivid crimson stigma and styles, called threads, are collected and dried for use mainly as a seasoning and colouring agent in food.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffron
Siesta -
Is a short nap taken during the early part of the afternoon after the midday meal. Siestas are a tradition in some countries, especially those where the weather is particularly warm.
https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-is-a-siesta -
Simit -
A ring-shaped Turkish Bread roll.
Squab -
Also known as young pigeon, primarily containing meat in the breast and, to a lesser extent, in the legs.
https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-is-squab-2313817
Staple Food -
Used to describe a particular dietary substance that makes up the majority of the food a person may eat during a day, week, or month.
www.nationalgeographic.org/maps/wbt-staple-food-crops-world/
Stir-frying -
A Chinese cooking technique that is done over high heat and with a small amount of oil.
Tadka -
Also known as "tempering", is a cooking method in Indian Cuisine in which whole or ground spices are briefly roasted in oil or ghee (clarified butter) in order to release their essential oils, thus making their flavor more aromatic.
https://www.onegreenplanet.org/vegan-food/what-is-tadka/
Tahini -
It is a thick spread that is made from grinding hulled and lightly roasted sesame seeds. Originating in the Middle East, tahini has become popular in numerous recipes around the world, from hearty falafel sandwiches to modern salads.
Tomato sauce-
Tomato sauce or also called "sauce tomat" in French, it is thick sauce because it has lots of water and soft flesh, without needing extra mixing. It's used a lot in Italian cooking, where people enjoy different tomato sauces with pasta and pizza.
https://www.webstaurantstore.com/blog/3546/what-are-the-5-mother-sauces.html#tom
Tandoor -
Means a cylindrical oven used for baking and cooking. The charcoal or firewood burns inside the tandoor oven itself exposing the cooked item exposure to live-fire and hot air from it
https://pos.toasttab.com/blog/glossary/what-is-tandoori
Tandoori -
Is a type of Indian cuisine that involves cooking meat, vegetables, or bread in a tandoor.
https://pos.toasttab.com/blog/glossary/what-is-tandoori
Topography -
Topography is a detailed map of the surface features of land. It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth.
U-V
U-V
Umami -
Umami is the fifth core taste. In the Japanese language, it means 'essence of deliciousness', and Umami taste is often described as meaty, broth-like, and savory.
https://hongskitchen.in/umami-central-taste-of-chinese-cuisine
Unleavened -
Unleavened describes any baked good made without a leavening agent (a substance used to produce fermentation in the dough), such as yeast, baking powder, baking soda or any other leavening agent.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unleavened
Vandyke -
Means to cut decorative zigzags in round fruit or vegetable halves. This is often done as a decoration for lemons, oranges, or tomatoes.
https://www.damngoodrecipes.com/glossary/51_vandyke.html
Velouté sauce -
A creamy soup made by chicken, veal, or fish broth with cream, and thickening it with a mix of butter and flour.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/velout%C3%A9
W-X
W-X
Wheat -
Is a cereal crop grown for food also used to produce flour for bread, cakes, pasta, etc.
Whitebait -
Any of various small fishes likened to the European whitebait and used as food.
Xacuti -
Xacuti is a popular Goan dish from the state of Goa in India. It is a fragrant and spicy curry made with meat (such as chicken, pork or lamb), vegetables, and a blend of spices. The dish is known for its bold flavours and is often served with rice or roti.
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Y-Z
Yin Yang Food -
It is a concept balance that can also be applied to Chinese cuisine. Yin food is often associated with having a soothing effect, like duck, carrot, and tofu while yang food is associated with having a warming effect, like chicken, mushroom, and egg.
https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.co.id/en/chef-inspiration/chef-life-hacks/finding-the-perfect-balance-the-yin-and-yang-principle-of-cooking.
Yom Kippur -
The holiest day of the Jewish year and marks a time for atonement through fasting and prayer. In this image, ultra-Orthodox Jewish men pray at the Western Wall during Yom Kippur in the Old City of Jerusalem.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/yom-kippur-history-traditions
Za’atar -
Both an herb, called za’atar akdar, and a spice blend that is used as a condiment. The herb za’atar is also called wild thyme or Syrian oregano and is often used in za’atar the spice blend
https://www.delish.com/kitchen-tools/a40818164/what-is-zaatar/
Zest -
A piece of the peel of a citrus fruit (such as an orange or lemon) used as flavoring.
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