Equilibrium
Equilibrium
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Definition
Definition
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system.
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system.
Reversible reactions
Reversible reactions
A reversible reaction is a reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously.
A reversible reaction is a reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously.
Characteristic of equilibrium
Dynamic
Dynamic
Molecules or ions of reactants and products are continuously reacting
Forward and backward reaction occur at the same rate
Forward and backward reaction occur at the same rate
At equilibrium the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction
The concentration of reactants and products remain constant
The concentration of reactants and products remain constant
it is because the rates of the forward and backward reaction are equal
closed system
closed system
it is a condition
Le Chatelier's principle
Le Chatelier's principle
If one or more factors that affects an equilibrium is changed, the position of equilibrium shifts in the direction that opposes the change
Effects of variables on the position of the equilibrium
Pressure
Pressure
When there is an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side of the reaction with fewer moles of gas. When there is a decrease in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side of the reaction with more moles of gas.
When there is an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side of the reaction with fewer moles of gas. When there is a decrease in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side of the reaction with more moles of gas.
Temperature
Temperature
If an endothermic reaction is favoured by an increase in temperature, an exothermic reaction must be favoured by a decrease in temperature
If an endothermic reaction is favoured by an increase in temperature, an exothermic reaction must be favoured by a decrease in temperature
Partial pressure
Partial pressure
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