The original concept of an urban forest to replace the old SA Water site was an excellent one and the original artist’s visions (see New Beginning page) spoke of a popular walking and cycling area, a place where not only could people gather for relaxation and reconnect with Nature but an area displaying many varieties of native plants from majestic Eucalypts to smaller trees and shrubs to grasses and flowers, many of these butterfly attracting.
In saying that, the area could well be an excellent example of conservation – butterflies, moths and other insects, possums, small reptiles and many birds. In that sense, a lot of organisations involved with the education, protection and advocacy of wildlife and native plants could use this area as a teaching arena.
“Urban Forests are not a new concept. Adelaide has had a number of greening programs which have contributed to the amenity of our city. What is new is the concept of applying biodiversity planning to urban areas, and moving toward the goal of a sustainable ‘urban forest’ which conserves the region’s unique biodiversity – our natural heritage.
Although a series of wildlife reserves are already established in the Adelaide region, there remains a major challenge to extend these natural areas by including private land, creeklines, council reserves and other open space. Street trees and garden plantings can also play a significant role.”
“. . . there are many opportunities to create natural areas using local species and practical steps that can be taken to encourage indigenous fauna to thrive. The larger the available area, the greater the prospect of achieving a natural ecological balance, but even on a small scale populations of many species, including butterflies, small birds and reptiles can be established and conserved. Local native plants are valuable in their own right and can be used in many settings to provide opportunities for a greater sense of contact with nature within the city and suburban environments.”
– from the article ‘SA Urban Forest Biodiversity Program: Conservation Opportunities and Dilemmas in Urban and Peri-urban Areas‘ by Ross Oke
Which brings us to children. Outdoor lessons have been seen to improve attention and interest. Add lessons on conservation, care of the environment, taking action and promoting young voices to speak up for, thanks to climate breakdown and ecocide, areas such as Narnungga as well as the more well known large parks and reserves outside the CBD. Knowledge, understanding, care, compassion, empathy, respect, responsibility, courage, determination, focus, attention, the spirit of exploration and the wonder of discovery – just a few important values and lessons all children should have the opportunity to access.
What better way to accomplish this than with the help of Nature’s classroom?
“When children are given regular and meaningful opportunities to connect with the natural world – and they are supported by a passionate mentor – they learn, grow and thrive with nature by their sides and in their hearts.”
– Tania Moloney, Founder of Nurture in Nature.
A natural RE-WILDED site like this also offers much to the physical and mental health services. Activities such as Nature/Forest Therapy, gentle exercise for recovering patients, psychological and emotional benefits of a counselling session, Havening, EFT, or simply sitting quietly under a beautiful old lemon gum, tranquil activities such as meditation, Tai Chi, Falan Dafa and others conducted in Nature enrich the experience of relaxation and therapy.
“Forest bathing, also referred to as forest or nature therapy, has become popular in all corners of the developed world. The restorative nature of sitting in nature has been called soft fascination, whereby we are enraptured and uplifted by our surroundings. Forest bathing is an antidote to pinging distractions, impending deadlines, and never-ending obligations.”
“From a study that appeared in the Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Journal, results showed that being in a forest environment, as opposed to an urban environment, lowered cortisol, pulse rate, and blood pressure. The forest also promoted greater parasympathetic nerve activity, and lower sympathetic nerve activity. As a result, their bodies became much more relaxed.”
– from the article ‘Forest Bathing‘, Psychology Today
As to the spiritual benefits, one can connect with Nature by simply sitting or strolling around the area and using the senses in a calm and peaceful manner; the sounds of birds, the smell of native pine and lemon gum, the soft touch of swaying grasses, watching insects and birds – gently observing, until a sense of connection occurs. Mindfulness on the time one is in Nature not only benefits the physical body and mind but also to a spiritual connection that can be experienced by some as prayer, contemplation, observance or ceremony across cultures and creeds.
“. . . a broader perspective is required when promoting urban forestry and engaging local multi-cultural communities. Spirituality needs to be integrated into urban forest policy.”
“Urban forests are of great signicance because they provide cultural ecosystem services ranging from spiritual and religious values, to a sense of being part of the living environment. To many, forests serve as reminders that as humans, we aren’t opposed to nature, but rather intimately connected to it.”
– from an article by Joshua Amaitum Elukut.
And the more we connect with Nature, the more we feel the sense of care; we want to protect these things and the land. To be divorced from Nature, to be disconnected, results in a lack of empathy and an easy tendency to disregard the importance of Nature and these vital areas making them nothing more than ill-conceived commercial developments.
With all of this in mind, I am writing this journal to eventually comprise a record of my ideas around the preservation and maintenance of Narnungga Urban Forest.
“Nature expresses itself in a way we humans can not.
Nature can seem cruel or devastating, but never mindless or frivolous.
Nature wields colour, light and form no artist can ever quite capture.
Nature emanates a beauty of soul we will never be able to completely grasp.
We feel these things when they touch our hearts.”
– Sue Lang
In walking around the park, I noticed several areas that were becoming bare due to the pipeline work for the hospital build (trees not replaced) and trees dying (watering system pipes exposed and vandalised) as well as a general atmosphere of neglect. But one particular feature has always bothered me – the great expanse of lawn in the middle of this urban “forest”.
What is this “urban forest”, with an oval (of sorts) and certainly not enough trees, to be called? A facility without toilets and seating. Or maybe just an area to be used for events – legal (with transportable toilets) and illegal (the park IS the toilet), many times causing disturbance to both local residents and wildlife.
Adelaide provides many good venues, both indoor and outdoor, that cater to a wide variety of events (sporting, music and festivals for example). However, it would be of great benefit to those that also appreciate (and in some cases desperately need) space for tranquility, quiet contemplation, healing and stress relief to reserve some of our park lands for this opportunity, particularly as the new Women's and Children's Hospital will be situated right across the road with easy access from the Gaol Road crossing.
I believe Narnungga Urban Forest is in a unique location for just such an opportunity.
I thought something better could replace the lawn area, preferably with more trees, which would be in keeping with Adelaide's need for tree canopy, sustainable spaces and the fostering of biodiversity. In running across some interesting websites and researching these and others, I had an abundance of ideas that would do well in the park’s setting. These also took into consideration some of the uses / activities in which people might use the park – relaxation, physical, emotional and mental health, exercise, well-being, conservation, children’s activities (e.g.: Nature Play) and education (outdoor learning opportunities) and spiritual enrichment.
So how to gain the most benefit for the most people while improving the park to a healthier, easily maintained and cost effective way?
I had become a member of the Australian Labyrinth Network as I wanted to learn more about labyrinths and their benefits. What I found was an excellent way to accomplish all of the above points. Not only that but as this would need a design and be a permanent feature, I wondered if a labyrinth could be considered an art installation. This would give the park extra protection under Federal law (I believe, however I’ll need to research this).
Using Google Earth, I looked at the most appropriate areas for a labyrinth, figuring if I couldn’t use the oval, I may still be permitted to add one to a smaller area. This would still be a nice feature and would attract people to check it out and explore the rest of the park.
But I’ve decided to jump in the deep end and really push for Area A. There are many ovals and sporting venues in surrounding areas already but only a very few labyrinths in Adelaide and those are reasonably distant from the CBD. It could also gain wide exposure through the Australian Labyrinth Network as well as Labyrinth societies world-wide. Labyrinth people love to check out labs around the world when they travel and I feel this aspect would add to tourism.
There are many different designs on labyriths (not to be confused with mazes) but generally there are some traditional ones. Here are just some.
So I played around with different designs and, looking at the oval and paths already in the park, I could do 1, 2 or 3 entrances.
I also had to consider the main purposes and theme, which would influence the design itself and vice versa. I decided to go with a theme that would enrich as many purposes as possible; to create an energy within the labyrinth that would enhance experiences, whether they be physical, emotional, mental or spiritual. People need to feel better, relieved, relaxed, inspired, enlightened, happier, satisfied, strengthened in some way. They need to be able to walk the lab by themselves, with a partner or friend or with a therapist or counsellor. Children need to be able to do that too or simply run around the pattern and get joy from that.
Below are 2 viewpoints showing the paths and areas I considered plus 3 ideas for the oval area - 1, 2 and 3 entrance options.
As to the smaller areas, I’m not considering those unless City of Adelaide suggests using a different part of the park.
All of these are simple three circuit walks. With a project of this size, I thought it best to keep it simple and cost effective. There also needs to be planting in between the pathways so space is needed.
NB - the photos used below are from Google Earth at the time when the newly planted trees and shrubs were still young.
1 Entrance – roughly circular, suitable for one person or a line of people to meet in the centre, meditate, discuss or chat and then walk out the same way.
2 Entrances – oval shaped. Best suited for two people to join in the centre. A “resolution” or “joining of parties” theme. People can enter and leave by the opposite entrances or the same entrance. There can be many meanings to this depending on the parties and purpose involved.
3 Entrances – a little more complicated and suitable for groups of people to join together in celebration, for chatting or meditation.
I also tried a butterfly design but this became too complicated and impractical so that was archived.
I have a few ideas for this.
A single Native Pine – there are a few of these in the park and they are indicative of this area, not to mention the park's name. But it would not provide shade and would be difficult to look past in some situations.
A Statue – naturally what came to mind was a dedication to Gladys Elphick in the form of a stand with a bust of her on top and a plaque. Or, for a lower height, a large natural rock with an etched plaque embedded, which I feel is a much better option.
Seating – I feel some arrangement in stone placed in a circular pattern, like a donut shape, so people could face outwards to enjoy the surrounding trees or inwards to face each other. As there are already seats in the form of gabion structures, this could continue here. Or more sustainable options being “green concrete”, sandstone blocks or large trunks of trees cut during park maintenance (these also provide hollows and homes for a myriad of small animals and insects, as can be seen by such already in the park).
Whatever material is used, it should be simple in design, economical to construct, using renewable (or reclaimed) materials, comfortable and, most importantly, durable and resistant to vandalism (to which the gabion structures have been susceptible in recent years, as well as vandals being responsible for fires and destruction) and should be in keeping with the surrounding natural area.
The labyrinth paths would be the width of two people walking side by side, made the same way as the other paths already there, created during the original site remediation. A simple design would allow for a good spread of trees with eventual good canopy but still allowing sun to flow through to reach small shrubs, grasses, flowers and ground covers to flourish.
Trees – Blue Gum, Lemon Scented Gum, River Gum, Callistemon, Malley Box, Golden Wattle, Native Apricot and Native Pine.
Shrubs & Flowers – Austral Trefoil, Native Flax, Clasping Goodenia, Native Pigface, Rock Correa, Ruby/Climbing/Berry Saltbush, Creeping Boobialla, Flat Leaf Wattle, New Holland Daisy, Variable Grounsel.
Grasses – Common Tussock, Kangaroo Grass, Spear Grass, Tall Sedge, Thatching Grass, Wallaby Grass, Knobby Club Rush.
Since this park was planted in 2012, surviving trees have grown substantially but, of course, not enough to provide much in the way of nesting hollows, particularly for larger birds such as cockatoos, like the old established trees near the corner of James Congdon Drive and Port Road.
However, the Miyawaki Method of creating urban forests in a short time will help to speed growth along. This is something that needs confirmation in whether it would work as well for Australian flora. At the very least, smaller birds and insects will benefit quickly.
For those interested, here are just a couple of links for more information about the Miyawaki Method –
https://forestcreators.com/blog/a-beginners-guide-to-miyawaki-method-of-tree-plantation/
The benefits of an urban forest are many – conservation, Nature Play and Nature Education for children, an opportunity to connect with Nature without needing to travel far from the city. To have an urban park the size of Narnungga within a short walking distance from the CBD is precious and should be protected and nurtured as a space for connection and relief from the stresses and constant demands made upon us. A place of much needed “time out”.
The labyrinth can be simply a beautiful and unique feature that blends into the surroundings or a catalyst for intentional purposes in physical and mental health, a walking meditation and contemplation.
Imagine you are standing at a point overlooking a park.
This is not a beautifully designed and tended formal English-style garden
nor is it a place of enthusiastic crowds cheering their team.
Nor is it a place filled with jostling people
revelling in light shows and resounding music echoing through the air.
The sound of birds is all you hear as you wander down into a natural bush land
of Eucalypts, Callistemon and other local flora –
wild flowers, tall slender grasses gently swaying in a light breeze,
saltbush with bright red berries and lush green ground-covers.
You continue to wander, your steps becoming slower, as you look all around.
You find yourself on a firm sandy path that gently curves around on itself through tall trees,
blooming with red, pink, white and yellow blossoms.
Parrots and honeyeaters flit through the branches and dappled sunlight creates mesmeric patterns on the path
until you eventually reach the centre where you can sit, close your eyes
and just listen to the birds and the wind through the trees.
You take a deep breath in . . . and sigh out, realising how relaxed you now feel . . . stress-free and peaceful.
– S.Lang
A simple three circuit labyrinth in a soft organic design not only creates a beautiful path to explore the surrounds but accentuates the energy of the urban forest. It becomes part of the forest rather than an obvious developed structure standing apart from the forest. The organic flow brings awareness of that same flow in Nature thereby enabling even more connection.
We believe that the labyrinth experience creates connection, compassion and coherence for individuals, communities and the planet.
– the Vision of the Legacy Labyrinth Project