Flow visualization of triply periodic minimal surfaces

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures have garnered significant attention across various applications due to their unique geometric characteristics and excellent physical proper-ties. TPMS structures are three-dimensional periodic structures generated using implicit functions, with a distinctive feature that allows easy modification of their shape by adjusting key parameters. Due to these characteristics, TPMS structures play a critical role in many fields, and their performance is greatly affected by flow. Most studies have relied on numerical simulations to predict the flow characteristics of TPMS structures. However, the presence of turbulence effects within TPMS structures increases the uncertainty of numerical results, highlighting the need for experimental validation. This study aims to experimentally visualize the flow characteristics within TPMS structures using particle image velocimetry and to provide reliable data by comparing these results with existing numerical simulations.