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Why Interviews?
Why Interviews?
Source: North Grenville Public Library
In the research, qualitative method was used to examine the flow experience in Problem Base Learning (PBL). This is because interviewing aids us for delving deeply into the experience of flow in students' perspectives (Nakamura and Csikszentmihalyi, 2014).
Self-report questionnaires were not chosen because the study investigated how supevision style affects the experience of flow, which is an exploratory study. Researchers tried to discover new aspects of the concept related to a complex pedagogical PBL model. As a result, interviews were preferable in this study.
Data Collection
Data Collection
The goal of four structural interviews was finding assoication of supervision style and experiecne of flow in PBL. Researchers aimed to examine how supervision style engages co-creative learning space by understanding flow experience by students' perspectives. At the beginning of the interview, PBL was described briefly adn a screening question "Can you describe any problem-based learning experience you have had in this program so far?" was asked to gain specific detailed knowledge about PBL practice and student learning.
The 16 questions are constructed according to the essential elements of supervision styles by Olsen and Pedersen’s paradigm (2015) and components of flow by Csikszentmihalyi (1990). Here are sample interview questions:
How do you feel about the experience? (flow in general)
How enjoyable was the project throughout the whole process? (pleasure)
How concentrated did you feel throughout the learning process? (focused attention)
How was your experience with the instructor in this learning process? (supervision style in general)
How encouraging was your instructor? (positive feedback)
How clear were the instruction? (level of clear goal)
The interviews were conducted by two researchers respectively. Researchers asked the questions in the same order and wording in order to reduce biases. In between the main questions, some clarify questions were asked and recorded. The interviews were conducted in English and audio recorded with consents.
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
The data was transcribed from the audios files by Altas.ti. Qualitative data were analyzsed by both co-researchers to identify the key themes across 4 interviewees by thematic analysis. All quotations from the interviews were unedited. Under coding dvelopmnet, code book (as shown in appendix) was made by theory concepts and data and decided by researchers together. During the coding and analysis steps, researchers discovered "group work in PBL" & "Group dynamic" could be the new research question. Therefore, the new idea of "group work and experience of flow" was aslo investigated in this study. If you are interested, please click here to listen audio clip#3.
References
References
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper Perennial.
Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Concept of flow. In M. Csikszentmihalyi (Ed), Flow and the foundations of positive psychology: The collected works of Michaly Csikszentmihalyi (pp.239-263). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_16
Olsen, P. B., & Pedersen, K. (2015). Problemorienteret projektarbejde – en værktøjsbog. Samfundslitteratur.
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