Employing the light of nature as proof, Descartes's characterizes God as "infinite substance, independent, supremely intelligent, and supremely powerful – the thing from which I and everything else get our existence.” Descartes also notes that he cannot conceive of there being multiple Gods due to his idea that God is the "archetype", or source of all ideas.
Paley believed that just as watches must have watchmakers, humans must have creators. This analogy only requires that a creator (or creators) have existed at some point in time with the power and intelligence necessary to complete the act of creation. This opens up the possibility for pluralistic philosophy and theology.
Aquinas believed that humans do not have the capacity to understand God's essence. However, similarly to Descartes, he does believe that due to causality, God ultimately must be singular as the source of everything. Aquinas uses the laws of motion to show that God mustn't be a body in order to keep with causality.
Transcript (edited for clarity):
Episode IV: God's Nature
[00:00] Genie: Do we create God or does he create us, and what is the relationship between our existence and the existence of God?
[00:09] Henry: So I think first of all, it's unclear that we can even define God. and I'm not actually sure that we can refer to God because, as we've discussed in the last episode, to refer to something, you must be able to think about things, and the card talks about how we can only have the idea of infinity in us if it was put in us by some divine being, but it's actually not clear that we do have the idea of infinity in us. Maybe our idea of infinity is just the idea of something going further without limits as Hobbes said at one point, but ultimately God’s infinity could be a different type of infinity that we can't even comprehend. So it begs the question, can we even think of God? And if so, is the idea of God that we've created a God we have created? Have we created God?
[01:00] Genie: God exists primarily. He lives vicariously through us as human beings, having envisioned a god in the first place. He exists because we continue to talk about him to think of him as we are discussing God right now. He exists under the notion that we are holding a discussion revolving around the central idea of God. But without human beings, without finite beings to really signify the existence of him, or even to subjectify this tangible idea of a god, does he exist in the material world without any finite beings, without beings that are lesser than his infinite, all-powerful being?
[01:43] Henry: Well, I think we can't find an objective truth for God's existence, at least to my knowledge, but I don't think that means an objective proof of God's existence is impossible. I just think that means humanity hasn't found it yet, so I think there is the possibility that God does exist in some form beyond just our human understanding of God in our heads, but at this moment we do know that our comprehension of God's existence is the most we have of God at this point, and that comprehension is most likely coming from us instead of coming from God through the light of nature.
[02:24] Genie: And I think that really touches on a key point where things only exist when you think about them. And so if we were to broaden the scope to all people in general, not just of the Christian faith, we look at people who [] have belief systems regarding different things, like science, for example, or atheists who don't necessarily believe in a spiritual divine, but yet somehow are still connected to the world through a different scope, whether that be science or any other form of somewhat resembling spirituality, some form of belief is always going to be present within the human mind, and that's going to come from an inherent desire of the human mind to start thinking beyond the scope of just existence in the first place.
[03:15] Henry: And that ties back to Descartes's idea that the idea of a god is innate with everyone. And I think ultimately when I first read that, I misinterpreted as ‘God has given us this idea of himself’, but I think what they are saying is that humans are ultimately inclined to believe in faith and belief and to believe that there is some source of all ideas, and in that sense, I do believe that point has some validity. So maybe while the Christian god doesn't exist in everyone that is a bit too specific, perhaps, for some people's beliefs, but the ultimate idea of a creator in some capacity does exist at least subliminally in most likely everyone.